The Coins of the Greek and Scythic Kings of Bactria and India in the British Museum

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CATALOGUE

INDIAN COINS

THE BRITISH MUSEirM.

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTHIA
AND INDIA.

LOXUOX ;

PHi:NTEr) BY OKDER OF THE TRUSTEES.

LDNSUAKa a CO., FiiEBFOSTBi Row;
R QDiaiTCH, 15, PicciDiLLTi A. ASHER k CO., 13, Bsdjoid BimtT,

VLfn-. C. ROLLIH S FEUARDlilMT, i, Rdi dx IriiDvoia.

THE COINS

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA
AND INDIA

THE BKITISH MrSEUM.

BY PEECY GARDNER, Litt, D.

REGINALD STUART POOLE, LL.D,

LONDON :

PRINTED BY OKDEll OF THE TRUSTEES.

1SS6.

Thb present volame contains all the coins which were issued by
the Greek and Scythic kings who ruled in India and the iicigh-
booring lands between the time of Alexander the Great and the
third century A.r.

Tbe work has been long and laborions, alike to compiler,
editor^ and printer. The nnmber of nnusual characters which it
contains has greatly hindered its progress ; but the typographical
difficulties have not been the only ones. The history of the kings
is very obscure, and the types employed on their coins often of a
mixed and uncertain character. On the other hand, few fields of
namismatics offer richer material, historical, archaeological, and
even philological; thongh philological theories are necessarily
excluded from these pages.

Special thanks are due to General Cunningham, R.E., who has
allowed the compiler free use of his plates published in recent
volumes of the Numismatic Chronicle, and has thus enabled the
present work to be rendered far more complete than it conld other-
wise be : also to Professor Cecil Bendall, who has given valuable
philological aid.

VI EDITOR 8 PREFACE.

The system of transliteration adopted for Prakrit words is that
used by Professor Aufrecht in the Sanskritic Catalogae of the
Bodleian Library j also in the Catalogue of Books in the British
Museum.

I have carefully revised the manuscript of this work, comparing
each coin with the corresponding de^riptiou.

EEGINALD STUART POOLE.

CONTENTS.

_INTEODUCTION :—

. HisTORiOAL Outlines: —

Alexander the Great XTiii

AadragoiaB, Sophytes ....... six

Diodotua ; Bautrian revolt xx

Euthjdeaiua I. ; invasion of Antiochus III. . . . xxi

Demetrius and Eueratidea ; conquest of India . . xxii

Plato, Pantaleon, Agathoclea, Eiithydemua 11. . . xxvi

Medals of Agathocles and Antiinachua .... sxviii

Heliocles xxix

ChineBo account of the Yueh-Clii xxx

Chart of Greek and Scythic dominions .... xxxiii

Bnccesaors of Hehocies xxxiv

Antialcidas and Lysias ....... xxxiv

The Sonipat find xxsvi

Menander, Apollodotus ....... xxxvii

Geographical data xxxviii

Kanjahala ......... xxxix

Scythic Kings : Mauoa si

Azcs, Azilises ........ xli

Parthian Kings : Gondophares, &c. .... xliii

SanabaisB xlvi

Saba Kings : Hemiis xlvii

Yueh-Chi Kings : Kadphiaes I. xlviii

Kadaphes, Kadphises II xlix

Kanerkes and Ilooorkcs : their era ..... I

Vofiu Deva li

II. iNaOKIFTIONB : GrEKK, InDIAN, AND SCTTHIC

III. MONOOBAM8

IV. TypEa:—

Greek types ......

Semi-Hellenic types ......

Hindu types

Parthian types ...-.,.
Types of Yueh-Chi Kings

V. WBIflHTS

Normal weights of coins

VI, The Aeian Pali Alphabet ....

YII. Table of TBANaLiTEBATioHs and sbndbbinos

Prakrit lboknds

COIN CATALOGUE:—

Sophytes

Diodotus I. . . . .....

EuthydemuBl

Demetrius

Euthydemus II.

Fantaleoii ....... .

Agathocles

AntimachuB L .' .

Eucratides . . . . - .

Eucratides with Heliocios and Laodice .

Plato

Heliocles .,...,,.

Antialoidas

Lysias

Diomedes ........

Aruhebiua ........

Apollodotus I. ...... .

Apollodotus II

Strato I

Menander ,

Epander

Dionyaiiia

Zoiloa . . . .

ApoUophanea

Artemidorus

Antiniachiis II.

Philoxeniia .

Nicias ....

HippoatratUH

Amyntas

Hcnnaeus

Hermaeus and Calliopp

Eanjahala

Maues ....

Azes and Azilises .

Azilisos . . . .

Spalahores with Vononea

Spalagadamea with Vonones .

Spal^adamea with Spalyria .

Spalirises aa King's hrother .

Spalirises as King

Spalirises with Azob

GondopharPB

Abdagases ....

Sotcr Megns

Heraiia

Hyrcodes

Kings of uncertain name

Ilermaeiia and Kadphises I.

Kadphisos I.

119
1^0

Menander ......... 44

Epandcr , . 51

Dionyeius 51

Zoilua .......... 52

Apollophanes 54

Artemidoriis ......,, 54

Antimachaa IT. 55

Philoxemia 56

Niciae 58

HippoetratuB 59

Amyntaa 61

HennaeuB C2

KermEieus and Calliope ...... 66

Eonjabala 67

Manes 68

Azea 73

Azcs and Azilises ........ 92

Azilisea 93

Spalahorea with Vonones ...... 98

Spalagadamea with Vonones 99

Spalagadames with Spalyrk 100

Spalirisea as King'a brother 100

Spalirises as King 101

Spalirisea with Azcs ....... 103

Gondophares 103

Abdagasee 107

Orthagnes 109

Pacores 110

Zeionises . . . . . . . 110

Uncertain Kings Ill

Sanabaree ......... 1 13

Soter Megas 114

Hcraiia 116

Hyicodea 117

KingB of uncertain name 119

Hcmiaeus and Kadphisew I. . . . . 120

KmlphkcBl. VIT

Kadaphes 123

KadphiaesII 124

Kanerkes 129

Hooerkes 136

Bazodeo (Vaflu Deva) 159

Indo-Scythic, Uncertain 102

SUPPLEMENT {Important types not in the British Museum) :—

Demetrius 163

Pantaleon 164

Agathoclea 164

Antimachiia 1 164

Eucratides 165

Helioclea 106

Antialcidaa 166

Antialcidas and Lysias 166

Theophilus 167

Archebiua . , 167

Apollodotus 167

Stratol 168

Stratoir. 168

Menander ......... 168

Epander 169

Dionysiua 169

ZoiluB 170

Aitemidorus 170

PhiloxenuB 171

Mieias 171

Telephus 171

Amyntas 171

Hermaeu3 172

Mattes ■ . . . . 172

Azea and Azilises ........ 173

Aziiises 173

"Vonone^ iiTul SpiilfilioreB . . . . . 173

CONTENTa.

Arsacee Dikaius

Areaces Tlieoa ,...,...

lvail|)!!isea II

Kanerkes .........

INDEXES :—

I. Types - .

II. Kings, Tyrants, &c

III. Titles of Kings —

A. Greek

Ji. Stytliic, in Greek letters ....

C. Indian Titles and Words ....

rV. Retiiai'kaljle Inscriptions and Logenils

Table for converting English Indies into Millimfetraa and

the Measures of Mionnet's Scale .....

Table of the relative Woiglits of English Grains and French

Grammes .... ....

4

( '

^V Lmr OF PLATES, xiii 1

r LIST OF I'LATES. ^^J

I.

AndragoiaH, Sophytcs, Diodottts, Euthyilctntis I. ^^^^H

11.

EuthydeiDiis I., Demetrius. ^^^H

III.

Itemetrius, Enthydeuma II., Piiutaloon. ^M

IV.

Agathociee. ^|

V.

Antimiichus I., Euutatidus. ^^^^H

VI.

Eucratides, Plato. ^^^^|

VII.

HeIioc]es, Atitialcidaa. ^^^H

VIII.

Antialcidoa, Lyeiae, DiomGdos. ^^^^^|

IX.

Arcliebius, Apollodotus. ^^^^^|

X.

ApolIodotuB, Strato I. ^^^^|

XI.

Stmto I., Agathocleia, Meaander. ^^^^

XII.

Menander, Epander, Diouyeius, ZoUus. S

xni.

Apollophanes, Artemidorus, Autimachus II., riiiluxenus, ^N'iutae. J

XIV.

Hippostratus, Aniyiitas. ■

XV.

Hcrmaeua, Calliope, Kanjabala. fl

XVI.

Maues. H

XVII.

Mauea, Azes. ^^^^^|

XVIll.

^^^^^1

XIX.

^^^H

XX.

AzeH, Aziliaes. ^^^|

XXI.

Azilisea, Vonones, Spalahores, &c. ^^^^H

XXII.

Spalirises &c., Gondopliavcs. ^^^f

XXIII.

Abdagases, Zeioniaes &c., PacoreB, Orthagnes, Sanabarep. 1

XXIV.

Baeileus Megas, Heraiie, Hyrcodes, &e. |

XXV

Kadphisea I., Kadaphcs, Kadphises II. J

XXVI,

Kanerkes. ■

XXVII.

Kaneikes, Hooutkea. W

XXVIII.

Hootrkes. *

XXIX.

Ilooerkes, Bazoduo, &c.

XXX.

Siipplemtntary.

XXXI.

„

XXXII.

%

f

THE COINS

GEEEK AND SOYTHIO KINGS

BACTEIA AND INDIA.

I

^

^rp:

INTRODUCTION.

In treating of the arrangement of the coins of the Greek and

B -. . .. ScytHc Kines of Ba^tria and India, it is necessary
BBCBMity for here jo > j

eiaminiDg hii- to enter briefly into all the known facts of their
history. The Kings of the Seleacid and Ptolemaic
dynasties succeeded one another in a known order, and the chief
events of their reigns have been handed down to us by ancient
writers. It was therefore unnecessary to give the facts of their
history as an introduction to the lists of the coins issued by them.
Bat in regard to all bnt two or three of the kings of the farther East,
the ancient historians are quite silent; and coins and inscriptions
alone save us from ignorance even of their names. Therefore it is
necessary in this Introduction to trace the outlines of any history
which can now be recovered, and in particular in some detail to set
forth the historical facts which may fairly be estabhshed by means
of the coins, In order to bring the discussion into the narrowest
possible hmits, it will be necessary (1) to abstain from mere con-
jecture, however tempting ; (2) to avoid full discussion of disputed
points, merely indicating where difference of opinion exists, and
referring, when possible, to works already published, or monographs
in various numismatic journals ; (3) to treat in detail only such
parts of history aa have a numismatic bearing.

The writers to whom credit is due for the arrangement and deei-

KoBt important phermcut of these coins are, in the first rank, James

Prinscp* and General Alexander Cunningham .f

• EiMays on Indian Antiquities.

t Coins of the SuccesBora of Aleiander, Numismatic Chronicle, 18C8, &o.

W.% |!l-

Tlii.ii.i,.

Tl,,; 1,,..

.1 im:ii<
.:|i.Jl.llj

,.ia\,U

llilll III
Hr. .1.1

Il!,"lt"

liiili:!) v<

III ;.. 1

'.illluiill

lUikuiui

nl, B. .

IMHll III

■ ll|l:ll|.ili

-i^' \i>im:il,t mii Wil«llH,|. \MIi illa» ll""'' "'I
, IinIIi Ilinliil'JMtl IIH(\ ||lllllj(<l|l)lli>'i 1*1 Hid >>il\it>: lii

iii:)|iiin-iiif'iil'« iiiifl uitiifl tiiiiiiJNitifiijii jiidifMi'^tiii li

nUwAihi tmi-U'V ill Vim (Jiilti^tiiiiiil'tt tiilii^li' mi
I tiiti)|(iw ill (liH imiMi MfliMim nf Miu limwl"!"'
'■ him- Wli(-)i It du|)|. ii4 iliiu til Hiliur wril'i

ftlutuMtiNt n<« *^''ti Itindnl'itM: Ititt- HiiTM tirii w tvw tmiin* iisBHiiil

"""'^' in lMllil^ Ht: (iniyliliHlliitiy i:itiiiilriou n), tdi i^nlii^r

widMtJ aau (nuiiii) tltiiil llid, wlljfilt lirn, h\\- tUMlvi'llii-Him, iit-

"''"■ i;|iiili!ii ill lliit tuiimif: WliuMt'ii' Alfiiiitmim' liimttiilf,

tliuitiit lii't i^MJHKni ill \w\'w, iouKiiij \A\\m in liii iiwti m\m, tiiiiy
|.tiiti»|--. I"- ilMiiiih:.) i Uwi if it) (((■ liiHitI H |il!Mi(iihli' isHiijiiiihtiM Mini.
t:i:)liiJii iiiHii^.i t:iiit|N,|| liiinriittf Mil' \\m\\ I'jftina nf Almitinlnc iiml
lii-t wim-. lull' >'f f'Htuini iiiy\\\, \\\-v\i x/^owA n\ \\\\i\:\, ti<> Uim i^iii>lHm
vai;.i.|ii"(i ■■nn-i'i; '■t'iii'* iln'i|il,v lifcii'liiil ill Imiin in Ali;*nitilnr^ iniui,
l,i,|. Ill H„ i.i-ii,:,- v;v.nul-|-i'- 'I'lu^iiH |<iiii;iii., Ih.;ii, mirmHtiiLtl.i^iv \*iiiil-iiiij-
U| Itll^ lilllU'll MlM'IIUI, lllilA' 1)11 t:i<||i>lttl^h'>l W^ lll^i V.uU;:o|' Uil^^l.
r.ui.u.,.1 l.uiu

..V\ *iV,

IIISTOIIIOAL OUTLrNES. XIX

In recent years the region of Balkh (Bacfcria) has furnished an
abundant supply of coins, iaaued by the immediate anccesaors of
Alexander in that district.* Among those ai-o double darics, with
Greek letters on the obverse; gold and silver coins of the first three
Antiochi, with the typea of a seated Apollo and of a horse's head ;
silver coins of Selencos I., with types of a chariot of elephants and
a horse's head ; coins iaaoed during the Joint reigna of Seloucua and
Antiochus I., bearing the names of both rulers ; and gold money of
an early king of the Persepolitan class, with Pehlvi legend.

Among these also have come to light a few coins, in gold and
silverj of a king named Andragoras, who is con-
jectured to have been ruler of Parthia or one of the
neighbouring countries in the early part of the third century B.C.
The only ancient authority who mentiona this king ia Justin,f who
states Andragoras to have been the name of (1) a Persian noble set
Bp as Satrap of Parthia by Alexander, (2) a Satrap of Partliia
overthrown eighty years later by the first Arsaces. It is moro
probable that the coins published in our catalogue belong to the
period of the second of these rulers, The issue of gold coin shows
that the ruler who issued them claimed a complete independence ;
and this ia a further reason for assigning him to the time of the
break up of the Seleucid empire in the East, about b.c, 250.

The coins of Sophytes were first published by Cunningham. J

They are the more interesting because their date

and place of issue can be approximately fixed.

We learn from several of the historians of Alexander's reign that

Sopeithes, or Sophytes, ruled a district on the banks of the Aceaiues

• P. Gardner, in Num. Chron. 1879, p. 1 ; 1880, p. 181 ; 1881, p. 8. Ciinning-
lan), in M. A.. S. B. Journal, 1881, p. 151. Especiallj hia b. fiud from the Oxus
river enriched the cabinatg of colleoU>ra.

t Juatin, xii. 4, ili. 4. Cf. Num. Cliron. 1879, p. 1 ; 1881, p. 8.

i jy«ni. CArvn. 1866, p. 220.

INTKODUOTION.

at the time of Alexander's invasion, and was confirmed by the
iatter in the possession of it. But Bophytea' coins are copied from
the issues, not of Alexander, but of Seleucua, It would appear
from them that Sophytes renewed with Selencus, very probably ou
the occasion of that king's eastern expedition against Sandracottus,
the friendship which he had established with Alexander.

After this expedition, for the period of a century, that is to say
during the third century before our era, India proper was governed
altogether by native rulers ; the power of the Seleucidae and Greek
kings of Bactria stopping at the Indian Caucasus,

Tho date of the revolt of Bactria against the authority of the
The Bactriui Seleucidae, who had inherited all the eastern parts
revolt. of the empire of Alexander, cannot be accui-ately

fixed. Justin,* however, states that it was con-
temporary with another revolt of one of the eastern provinces of
the Seleucid empire, that of the Parthians under Arsacea ; an event
which took place in b.c. 248.t About that time, then, Diodotus,
Satrap of Bactria, revolted against Antiochns II. of Syria, and
succeeded iu establishing his independence. Ho seems to have pre-
pared his subjects for a change of masters by issuing coin bear-
ing the types of Antiocbus II, of Syria, but with his own portrait, J
After hia establishment in the kingdom ho continued this issue
unchanged, only substituting hia own name, besides hia portrait,
for that of the Seleucid king. According to Justin,§ Diodotus soon
died, and was succeeded by his son, also named Diodotus, who made
a treaty of alliauce with Areaces, the first Parthian king. But it
seems clear that all coins which have come down to us bearing tho

* xli. 4.

+ Gardner, The Parthian Cuinage, p. 3.

X Br. Mas. Catalogue of Seleucid Coins, p. 15. Cf. Num. Chruii. 1881, p. II.

§ %\\. '1. JuGtin cqUb Diodutus TLeodututj. ISut Trujjus Fuuipuius aueius lo

Lavu Liid tlio name right, Fnil. lib. sli.

4

IlISTOmCAL OL-TLINES, 5X1

name of Diodotns were issaed by one king. We mast therefore

either Goppose that Justia ia wrong and has dnplicated a sioglo

monarch, or that the younger Diodotua continued the issue of hia

father's money anchanged, or, finally, that the cldor Diodotua

continued during hia lifetime to issue money in the name o£

Antiochns of Syria, and that our coins with the name of Diodotns

were issued by his son, who first ventured to introduce hia own

name and portrait on the coin, Between these alternatives we

cannot venture to decide; in favour of the last, it may be observed

that the portrait of Diodotus on hia coins ia that of a man of not

more than middle age; the eoina of flat fabric, and bearing an

elderly portrait, being now considered forgeries.

We learn that Diodotns was superseded in the rule of Bactria

by Euthydemua, a native of Magnesia, in Ionia,

EMteni oipedi- possibly a Satrap of some neighbouring province,

who was in full power at the time when Antiochns
AnbDchoB III.

the Great made his eastern expedition, in or about

B.C. 208. The accurate pages of Polybius* give us a glimpse into
hia history which is very valuable. Euthydemua being defeated in
battle by Antiochns, and unable to oppose him, appealed to his
generosity, saying that he was born in Asia Minor, and was not one
of those who had revolted against Antiochns II., but, on the contrary,
had gained the kingdom after rootiug out the descendants of those
who had so revolted. He pointed out the grave danger that must
arise if he were obliged to call in the aid of the Scythians, who
were already hovering on the Chinese frontier of hia dominions.
Antiochns seems to have been open to conviction ; finally, he agreed
to acknowledge EutbyJemus' independence; and, taking a fancy to
Demetrius hia sod, promised him ono of hia own daughters in
marriage.

• IIuil. I. adja.. xi. 34,

SXU INTKODDCTIOIJ'.

After mating terms with Euthydemus, Antiochua advanoec
across the Paropamiaua into India, and made a treaty with th^
Indian king, Sophagasenus, or Subhagasena, who Beems at thsl
time to have been in full possession of the Kabnl Valley, the Greek
dominion stretching little, if at all, to the south of the India^
Caucasus. Thence Antiochua returned, through Arachosia bq3
Drangiana, to Syria. v

With the beginning of the second century b.c, we find greaft
changes taking place in the Greek regions dB
Eucratides : Central Asia. On the death of Euthydemus, his soiB
E°"t^a* th I'emetrius succeeded; and we find, as contemporar/i
and rival of the latter, the great Eucratides, whoso^
career of chequered victory and defeat may be partly traced ia.
historical records. At the same time the Greeks, perhaps iu cop- "
sequence of the constantly increasing pressure from the north of
the nomadic tribes of Central Asia, made their way across the '
Indian Caucasus, and began to wrest from the native Indian princes
the districts of Kabul and the Panjab, which had been left under
native dominion by the Seleucid kings from Seleucus L to
Antiochus III., and which Diodotus does not seem to have attacked;
for coins of Diodotus are not found south of the Indian Caucasus.
, On the other hand, those of Euthydemus are found as far south as
Seistan, and as far east as the Panjab ;* and the city of Sagala, in -
the neighbourhood of Lahore, bore the surname of Euthydomia.
Thus the sudden extension of the Greek pale would seem to have been
a feature of the later years of Euthydemus. But it appears, from the
statements of ancient writers, that the actual conqueror was not
Euthydemus but his son Demetrius, who was probably his colleague
in the kingdom as well as his successor. Thus Justinf speaks of

* Some were found in the Indus at Attok, Sbb Cuacmgham, ia Num. Chron.,

fnSTORiCAL OUTLINGS. XX

Demetrina as king of India, and Strabo* conplea him with Menander
as achief agent of Greek conqnest in India, What aeems most likely
is that Demetrius made considerable conquests during his father's
lifetime.

We are, however, scarcely justified in saying, as does v.Gutscbmid,f
that "Demetrius himself marched down the course of the Indus,
conquered Pattata and the kingdom of Saraostea (Surashtra) and
Sigerdis, probably the district of the commercial city Barygaza."
The careless language of the passage of Strabo in which these places
are mentioned as within the Greek pale seems only to imply that
Borne of the Greek kings extended their conquests so far; and it is
reasonable to suppose that tho rule of Menander was extended farther
to south and east than that of Demetrius ; to Menander therefore the
conquest of the Indus valley may be with more reason ascribed.

Not only did Enthydemns acquire, through his son's activity,
territory in India, but he also probably ruled the widest district
ever possessed by the Greeks to the north of the Paropamisus,
from Margiana to Chinese Tartary. Even into the Celestial
Empire the influence and the trade of the Greeks seems at this
time to have penetrated. Of this a proof is furnished by a coin
brought by Sir D. Forsyth from Kasbgar, J bearing a Chinese legend
and inscribed with the name and titles of a Greek king, possibly
Hermaeus. After Enthydemns' death his dominions were broken np
by the rivalry between Demetrius and Eucratides, as well as by the
rise and usurpations of fresh kings of uncertain origin, such as tho
flrat Antimachus.

• Geog. xl. 11, 1. Moat of Strato'a Btatementa as to earlj Baotrian history
are loose and iucorrect. For instance, he apeaka ot the revolt of ArEaoes a» subse-
quent to tho rise of Euthjdemua.

t In Bnci/cl. Brit, PerBia, p. 590.

X Numkm. Chron. 1H79, p, 374. That this coin is uf iron, is uow, I am in-
formed, deDied.

INTIIODUCTION.

Of Eucratides also the origin ia obscure. Wo know, however, by a

fortanato chance, the namca of his father and mother.
Coiua of
Encraiides Tlieae are famished to U3 by the romarkable coins *

with hia father ^-[^[^h bear on one side the bead of Bucratides, and
and mother.

the inscription Baa-tXevt EvKpaTiSy'; ; on the other

the portraits of his father and mother, Helioclea and Laodice. The
very collocation of tho inscriptions which appear on the two sides
of those coins, Buo-iXeu? Eincpari^'; — 'HXioKkiov^ Kal AaoBiio}';,
where we seem almost compelled to understand the word ft'd?,
shows that in them Eucratides intends to proclaim his parentage.
Heliocles does not seem to have been a king at all, for his por-
trait wears no diadema, but Laodice's head does seem to be bound
with the diadema, in tke Greek East the invariable sign of royalty.
And indeed her appearance on coins in such a connexion would
scarcely be explicable unless she were of royal parentage. But we
must remain in ignorance whose daughter she was. Von Sallet has
proposed an entirely different interpretation of the coins in ques-
tion. He thinks that they were issued by Eucratides, not in hononr
of his parents, but on the occasion of the marriage of hia son
Heliocles (who afterwards sacceeded him) with a Laodice, whom
Sallet conjectures to have been daughter of Demetrius by tho
daughter of Antiochus III., whom that monarch betrothed to
Demetrius in the course o£ his Indian campaign. On this hypo-
thesis some recent writers have tried to hnild further structures
of theory. But it is unfitted to tear such a weight. In its favour
is the one fact that the name Laodice was usual in (not peculiar
to ) the Seleucid dynasty of Syria, On the other side are reasons
of more weight. The portraits of Heliocles and Laodice on the
coins are of elderly, not young persons ; and it is not easy to see
how Sallet would interpret in the inecriptious which accompany

• See page 19, pi. yi 9, 10.

i

I

HISTOItlCAL OUTLINES. ISV

tlio portraits the genitive case in the names of Ileliocloa and
Laodice, unless ho understands before thorn the word uw*. If any
one carefully compares the head of the elder Hetioclea (pi. vi, 9),
with that of Encratidea (pi. v. 0)j and that of the younger Heliocles
(pL vii. 1, 2), he must allow that it resembles Eucratidea far more nearly
than his son ; which may be best acconnted for by supposing that the
artist constructed the head of the elder Heliocles after his death,
on the analogy of that of hia son Eucratidea.

The wars between Demetrins and Eucratidea are mentioned by
Wars of Justin ; * but the statements of this writer must

Dametiins and be received with great caution, nor can we believe

EDorstidei, ,. . >iti- r n

his assertions that the Indian conquests of Jbucratides
belong to the end of his reign, or that Demotrlua ruled until
nearly the same time. For the coins seem to contradict them. The
coins of Demetrius come in almost all cases from Bactria, those
, of Eucratidea are very commonly found in the Kabul Valley, The
coins of Demetrius bear Greek legends only, with rare exception,
while the bronze cuius of Eucratidea are nearly all bilingual, an
indication alike of their later date than the money of Demetrius
and that they were issued in India. We therefore, must still retain
the opinion that Demetrius ruled only during the early part of
the reign of Eucratides in Bactria aa well as in India, and that
£ucratidea was for a great part of hia reign lord of India as well
as of Bactria and Arachosia. Eucratidea founded the city of
Eucratidia in Bactria; Demetrius, Demetriaa in Arachosia, and
Euthydemia in India.

Cunningham places the commencement of the career of Eucratides

' "Mnlta tamen Eucmlidee bella magna vLrtute geasit, quibus adtritus cnm
obtidionem Dematrii rrgU iDdurum pateretur, cum ccc. militibus 1i. loilia has-
liam adBiduis uruptiunibua vicit. Quiuhi ilaque mease libemtua Indiam in poteii-
tatum mlegit. Uode cuui se ruciperet a fiUo quern sovium re^i fecerut, iu itinci'e
ihtcrfiuitar." — Justin, ili. (i.

XXVI

INTRODUCTION,

Beignof about B.C. 190, and this date must bo approximate
Encratidee. j-Jglit.* His reign began brilliantly, n,nd was con-
tinued witb cbcquered fortane; but the wide field over which hia
coins are foTmd,f and their coinmoiineaa, seems to testify to his great
power. We may also remark his assumption of the title Baa-tXeii
fieyai; as a clear indication of extensive dominions, and the fact
that his types and titles are copied by the kings of Parthin,! and
by Timarchus, king of Babylon, § as showing how widely his money
circulated. But it appears that towards the end of hia reign cer-
tain provinces[| were wrested from him by the Parthians, probably
in the time of their great king Mithradates, who came to the throne
about B.C. 170. Tho reign of Eacratides appears to have lasted
until the times of two kings, who certainly imitato his money,
Plato, whom the date on his unique and remarkable coin shows
Plato. to have ruled in B.C. 165, and Timarchus of Babylon

B.C. 1G2. Plato would seem to have been a mere ephemeral rival,
or a revolted satrap of Eucratidea.

We must assign to the period of the reign of Eucratidcs, that

is, to the first half of tho second century B.C., the

Entbydemua II. . •'

Pantaleon. coins of the kings Eotbydemus II., Pantaleon,

ga ociBB Agathocles, and Antimachns I. This assignment,

which was first made by von SaHet, is on grounds

of style quite incontestable. It is impossible, in view of tho art

* Tliete does not seem to be any conclusiire evidpiice on the point, v. Sallet
<Iuotes tho imitation of Em^ratidas' types by certain early Araacid kingit as a proof
that Eucratides' reign began early ; but the attribution of the early coins of the
Ai-sacidae is a matter of dispute.

t According to Cnnningham, thtiy are found at Balkh, in Bokhara ; Soistan,
the Kabul Valley, Ac, and a few in the Panjah.

X For instance, Arsacea VI„ MitUradates I, See Gardner, Tke Parthian
Culvage, p. 31. Other writers attribute these coins to others of the Arsacidae.

§ B. M. Cat. Selcacidae, pi. sv. 2, p. EO.

II T^K T< 'AiTjriiiwou eni Tifs Tovpvnvav lii^/z/jijiro EvKpariflijn ol UnpBvatoi : Straho
il. 11, ed. liranier. The names suum corrupt, and have been varioualy amended.

ed. ^

iiisTOiiiCAL o^^rLI^fl:s. xxvii

and fjitric of tho coins of tiiose kings, to give them, aa previona
writers, and even CQaniugham did, to the earliest days of
Bactrian indispendence. And tlie evidence of style ia further
confirmed by the consideration that as all these kings reigned
the south side of the Paropaniisus, they cannot be assigned
an earlier period than that of the Indian conquests of
Demetrius.

This new light is of the utmost importauco in tho classification
of the earlier Greek kings of India: it entirely destroys an order
which v?aB full of difficulties, and pnts in its place one which -
18 tlioronglily intelligible and satisfactory.

The coins of the younger Euthydemus are certainly subsequent
to those of Demetrius, whose types they borrow. Thero can,
therefore, be no reasonable doubt that this king was either the
younger son of Euthydemus I,, or else the son of Demetrius auJ
grandson of Euthydemus I. As the coins of the younger Euthy-
demus are not by most writers distinguished from those of the
elder, it is not possible to ascertain their find-spots, or to determine
the locality of his reign; its date would seem to be about B.o. 170.
From the rarity of his coins it may be judged that his reign was
800U brought to an end.

Pantaleon and Agathocles strike with almost identical types.
They both adopt the metal nickel* for their coins, and they alone use
in their legends the square Indian alphabet. They seem, therefore,
to have been closely connected, either brothers, or father aud son.
Coiua of both are found in the Kabul Valley aud the western
Paiijab, and tbose of Agathocles as far south as Kandahar. Panta-
leon seems from his portrait to have been the elder of the two, aud
the rarity of his coins shows his reign to have been ephemeral.
Agathocles seems to kave ruled more widely and longer, and he has
• See Dr. Flight's nnaljsis in Nam. Chroa. 18(J8, p. 305.

INTRODUCTION.

3 valaable materiala for the determinatioTi

Hedale etmck by

Ag&ibocles
and Antimaebnt,

Ifffc as in some of his coi:
of points in hia history.

Of the greatest importance is a eerica of coins,* which indeed we
may rather term medals, of the weight of Attic
tetradrachms, issued by Agathocles in commemo-
ration of his predecessors in the Greok rule of
Bactria. These medals reproduce alike the portraits of these
predecessors, and, what is still more unusual, their coin-types, so
that only by their style and their inscriptions do they differ from
the ordinary coins of those monarchs. The inscriptions run thus : —
AAEEANAPOY TOY <t»IAinnoY BASIAEYoNTOZ

AFAOOKAEOYE AIKAIOY
ANTIOXOY NIKATOPOZ
AIOAOTOY ZilTHPoZ „

EYOYAHMOY GEOY

To these we must add the parallel coin of King Antimachus :
AIOAOTOY IHTHPOZ BAZrAEYONTO£

OEOY ANTIMAXOY
I have elsewheref discussed these medals, the true character of
which V. Sallet was the first to establish. They provo that
Pautaleon and Agathocles, like the younger Euthydemus, belonged
to the faction of Euthydemus I, and Demetrius, and were pre-
sumably opposed to Eucratides. Agathocles traces hia political
pedigi-eo through Euthydemus I., Diodotus, and an AntiochuSjJ to

• PI. It. 1,3, «i. 5, 6.

t Num. Chron. 1881, p. 184.

J It ia disputed which of the three first Antiochi of Sjria is the Antioohus
Kioator of these coins. None of them seems reallj to have borne the title : the
first waa Soter, the second Theoa, the third Megaa. In favour of Antiochus I.,
it may ho urged that he was the only Anliochua who held unditiputed sway in
Bactria, and might well be regarded by the Eiigfem Greeks as full auecessor of
Aleiandet the Great ; also his father Selencus was called Nicator, In favour of
Antiochua II., we have the strong argument that the type of the seated Ilorakles
which ia repeated oa the Bactrian coin is copied from coins of Syria

ilorakles i
^von by^^H

HlSTOniCAL OrTLlStS. SXIX

Alexander tte Great himself. Antimachas claims Diodotus as his
predecessor. These facta seem to snggest, what is by no means
improbable in itself, tbat Eutbjdemus IL, Pautaleon, and Aga-
thoclea were all sons of Demetrius. And possibly, tliougli this is
more speculative, AntimacLus, as to whose connexions we bave no
information, was the representative by descent or otherwise of the
bouse of Diodotus.

The types of Antimaohns' coins add one more to the few known
Tjpai of facts of Greek-Indian history. They are, on the

"*■ silver coins, Poseidon holding trident and palm ;
and on the bronze, Victory standing on a ship. There is no
mistaking the meaning of these types, which clearly allude to a
naval victory won by the king. It might seem at first siglifc that
this victory must have been won on the open sea. But Antimacbus'
mlo never extended to the sea : his coins are found both on the
north and the south of the Caucasus, but nevor south of the
Panjab. We must therefore suppose that the naval victoiy was
won on the Indus, or one of its great tributaries ; and, indeed, it
may easily be understood that the Greeks would place so large a
river as the Indus under tho sway of Poseidon,

Encratidea was succeeded by his son Ileliocles. The coins of this
Helioel»; two king are found mostly in Bactria, but also iu the
clauM Of coiai. g^^^ji Ypiiey. He is, as Cunningham remarks, tho
last king who struck to the north of the Indian Caucasus, We
may therefore be almost sure that in his reign the nomadic tribes
conquered the whole country as far south as the Bamian Pass.
The silver coins of Heliocles fall into two classes. The first class
consists of coins of the Attic standard of weight, bearing Greek

eeneral conMnt to AntiochuB II. In favour of Anliochas III., the only argnment
i* a pasnago of Malala (p. 261), where the term Nicator seema t« be applied to thia
king. But tliis pasBnge is deprived of all weight hj the nuraeroua mistakes whiuh
it oonUins. The haknco of evidence is greatlj in favour of Antiothus I, or II,

i

l.VTltODUCTION.

logoaila only. The second class consists of coina of a. difEerenb

weiglit, which I call the Persian,* which bear bilingual iuscriptiona

and a different portrait of the king. The theory la obvious that

the first class was issued by the king while he ruled io-Bactriaj and

the second class at a later period, when he was king only of a corner

of India. And it is greatly in favour of this view that the coins

of the Bactrian class were largely copied by the barbarous tribes

of central Asia, just as the coina of Philip and Alexander were by

the Gauls who invaded Macedon about B.C. 290, wbila those of the

Indian class are closely like coins of aubsequeut Gi-sek kings of the

Kabul Valley and India.

Down to the reign of Heliodes, which must bti assigned to about

SaooeBsoii of B.C. 160 — -120, we are able to trace with certainty,

Heiioc ea. ^^ little less than certainty, the order of succession

of the Greek kings of India. But we now arrive on the verge of a

period of uncertainty, where the data are very scanty. In fact, our

task would become almost hopeless, were it not that the annals of

. , - f p China preserve a general outline of the history of

matiott from Bactria and India in the account which they give

of the wanderings of the nomad nations on tho

western borders of China, during the second and first centuries u.c.

To identify the names of kings and of places as recorded by tho

Chinese with those which we find on the coins is no easy task, but

it is a task which has been attempted, and with soma measure of

success in the opinion of those best qualified to judge.

The most recent authority who has examined the Chinese evidence
as to the migrations of the Yueh-chi, M. E, Specht,-f-
thus sums it np : — The Yueh-chi were conquered in
201 and 1G5 B.C. by the Huns, and fled westward, subjugating the
Ta-hia of Bactria, and fixing their seat to the north of the Oxus,

of the Yne-clii.

* See Wlow, p. Iviii .

"I" J'jurnal Asiatique, i

the Uxus, I
ii. p. 348. ^M

HISTOmCAL OrTLlNES. XXX!

where a CUnese ambassador found tliera in 126 b,c. After that visit

y captured Lan-chi, the capital of the Ta-hia, A. hundred years

ir, Khiu-tsiu-kio [Kadphises I.], ruler of the Kushans, one of the

■Tueh-ehi tribes, conquered all the other tribes, invaded the kingdoui

[ of the Arsaeidae,* seized Kabul and Ki-pin [Cophcne], and formed a

great kingdom. His son conquered India, and the empire thus

founded lasted from the middle of the first to the end of the fourth

k century.
Wlio the Ta-hia maybe is not clear: they hare been identified
^jrith the Scythian tribe of the Dahae, but the Chinese description
f them — " each town was governed by ita magistrate, the population
weak and feared war/' — would not apply to any Scythio race,
but would very well apply to the native Bactrians under Greek
dominion ; and the date at which the Greeks were driven across
the Paropainisus, in the reign of Heliocles, would fall not far from
B.O. 126.

In the Kabul Valley the Hellenic race held out for a century later,
Bntil Kadphises I. led the united tribes of Yueh-chi against them,
and, after vanquishing them, ruled the country, at fii-st in conjunction
nth the last king, Hermaeus, and finally in his place.
The Chinese authorities thus give us two dates of the utmost
for the reconstruction of tho history of India and Bactria ;
ihe nomad tribes conquered Bactria (Heliocles) about B.C. 125,
md India (Hermaeus) about B.C. 25. These dates both suit the
Biimismatic evidence very well. Gen. Cunningham gives Hermaeus
to a far earlier period than b.c. 25, assigning him indeed to so
liearly a time as 138 — 120. But not only does this conflict with
IJBtorical records, but it is also in collision with numismatic tes-
raony. For Hermaeus was, as ail writers agree, the last of tho

About B.C. 3], rhraatcB, witli tin- hv]p of :i Sfjilimi nrni.v, c)!i.i.|U.a Tiiidi.lrH
the gOTernincnt of Fartbia.

INTIIODCCTION.

Greek kings of Kabal. We are therefore obliged to place between
Heliocles and him the reigns of all the twenty Greek kings whose
coins have come down to as. To cramp all these reigns into the
space of thirty yearsj B.C. 160 — ISO, is an nnreasonable proceeding.
Moreover the forms of letters on soma of the coins, those of Zoilns,
Nicias, and Hermaeus, entirely preclude us from assigning them to
so early a period as B.C, 130 ; they most be qnite a centnry later.

The Chinese writers also authorize the supposition that the
Scythian race which wrooght the rain of the Greeks was that of
the Taeh-chi, who have been identified with the Tochari of Strabo.
And the coins, in this confirming Chinese testimony, show that
the tribe of Yueh-chi to which Kadphisea belonged was the tribe
of Kushan, already mentioned on the last page.

This knowledge is valuable ; hut it leaves us in ignorance on
many points. We are still unaware to what tribes belonged the
barbarous rulers of India in this age who did not come in with
Kadphisea. Manes, Azes, and their successors, who established a
kingdom in India, as we sl»all hereafter see, before the days of
Hermaeus, do not appear to have been Yueh-chi; and we are quite
in doubt as to the connexions of Gondophares and other rulers.

Before proceeding to speak more in detail of the varions groups
of kings, we will set forth in the form of a chart the general out-
lines of our historical and geographical knowledge in regard to
them : —

f'tjaXBS IW> «B0W EXTENT OT DOWinJIOSS AM5 ©JMOK
or B TflTKK AXD SCl'THIC EIHGB.

S. of Indus.

rarnoDUCTioN.

Leaying ont of account the predecessors of Helioclee, we

already of upwards of twenty kings and of two

SncceBsora of queens who ruled in the Kabul Valley and the

HelioolEB;- Panjab after about B.C. 160, and before the Indo-
arrangemeat. ■■

Scjthic conquest of those regions. The orderly

arrangemont of these rulers is a matter of the utmost difficulty
and even of impossibility. The classification of General Cunningham
is based on indications so slight that it cannot resist serious cri-
ticism : and indeed its validity depends in a great degree on his
arrangement of the early kings, which must now be given up in
consequence of the readjustment of Pantaleou and Agathoclea.
Von Sallet so entirely despairs of any reasonable arrangement that
he adopts one which is merely alphabetical. All that has been
attempted in the present catalogue is to group the kings roughly
in something like chronological order, keeping similar types of
coin as far as possible together. By means of the Index any king
can easily be found, and that is the chief necessity-
It will however be well to set forth briefly what certain data we
Chronologieal possess for the chronological and geographical as-
*■ signment of the kings. We will begin with the

chronological.
The only one of these later kings who strikes money on the

„ . , Attic standard is Antialeidas, who must therefore

Date ot _ _ '

Aniialoidaa be either a contemporary or an immediate succes-

sor of Heliocles. And as Antialeidas and Lysiaa
strike some coins in common they also must be contemporaries.
A common type of Antialeidas is the pilei of the Dioscuri, which
seems to connect him with Eucratides ; his portrait also resembles
that of Heliocles : he would seem therefore not improbably to be-
long to the Eucratidian dynasty. The connexion of Lysias is obscure.
There are also a few restrikings which help us in the assign-

Evidence of
restiLkiiigB.

Tfpei and

legends of coini

offer itw

indie Bitiana.

IIISTOEICAL OUTLINES. XXX.V

ment of dabea to soniB of tlie -G-reek kings of India.
Heliocles restrikes some of the coins of Strato I,*
and the name and types of Encratidea are stamped on a piece of
Antialcidaa.l as well as on some coins wbich I have assigned to
Apollodotus I;J but it'haa been doabted whether these coins of
Enci-atides were really issued daring his lifetime.

Any attempt finall J to arrange the kings in dynastic lists by means
of the types and legends which they use is destined
to failure. The kings did not inherit these things,
but adopted them according to fancy or conve-
nience. One or two insfcancea will be aufficient to
establish this. That Heliocles was son and successor of Euoratides
is perhaps the most certain fact in Bactrian history. Yet he doea
not resemble Eucratidea in hia title {BUatai for ^£70?), he does not
wear the same helmet, nor use the same types. In the two last
respects Demetrius differs from his father Euthydemua. On the
other hand, Diodotus, who revolted against Antiochoa II., retained
the typea of the Syrian king. These instances are sufficient to prove
that identity of types between two kings ia no proof of their rela-
tion to one another, nor is divergence of typea any proof that they
were not related. Still less can we draw any conclusions from the
form of a helmet or the adoption of a title.

Perhaps the most suggestive approximation of types ia that which
appears when we compare the rare coina of Agathocleia, wife of
Strato, with those of Euthydemua. They bear on the reverse the
Bame type, Herakles seated, which is not usual in the Bactrian
seriea. It is almost certain that Agathocleia must have been a
king's daughter and heiress ; otherwise, as we know from the coina

• Strato also restrikes coins of Heliocles.

t Sallet, p. 298.

I Cuniiiiigbam, in Num. Chrm. 1869, p. 'iSe.

i

INTRODOCTION.

of Greek kings, her name wonld scarcely have appeared on thai

coin. That she was descended from Eufchydamns ia therefore very '

likely. We have already seen that king Agathoclea was prohahly aon

of Enthydemus ; Agathocleia may well have been hia grand-daughter,

or otherwise related to him. But in this kind of argument there

are obvionsly the greatest risks ; and we will attempt it in no

second instance.

A large find of coins of the kings from Heliocles to Hermaeus

ETidenM of was discovered some years ago at Sonipat;* and no

* ^ ' less than 70S specimens have been weighed by

Gen. Cnnninghamj who has acutely suggested that the order of the

reigns may be gathered by a consideration of the amooot of

weight lost in* circulation by the coins of different kings, those

kings whose coins are most worn being naturally supposed to be .

the earUest. The loss is as follows : — i

Heliocles, 5'43 gr. Philoxenus, 3-77 gr. j

Apollodotus, 457 gr. Menander, 3-72 gr. I

Strato, 4-56 gr. DiomedeSj 3-39 gr. I

Antimachns II., 4-48 gr. Amyntas, 3'30 gr. 1

Antialcidas, 4"10 gr, Hermaeus, 3-20 gr.

Lysias, 373 gr.

In this calculation ib is assumed that the normal standard for

hemidrachms is 37 grains, and that all kings minted up to that

standard. This is, of course, not certain ; nevertheless, the results

of the test so nearly agree with the testimony of style, that we can

scarcely be wrong in regarding the above order as approximately

correct ; only Antialcidas and Lysias should not be placed so late.

Among all these kings, two only, ApoUodotua and Menandor, are

„ . known to ua from other sources. Menander ia

Henander.

identified with the Milinda of the Buddhist work

• Num. Chron. 1872, p. 101.

i

HISTORICAL OUTLINES.

"Milinda-prasna," which records not only that he was bom at the

Bnb-Caacasian Alexandria, but that ha was a just and powerful

ruler, and a convert to the Buddhist religion. Strabo* saya that he

was reported to have crossed the river Hypanis eastward and

penetrated as far as the Isatnus, but as we are ignorant where the 1

Isainus was, this does not greatly add to our knowledge. Plutarchf

records that as a ruler he was noted for justice ; and that when he

died many cities were anxious to poseesa his ashes — a curious tale,

which is considered by Priusep to indicate a Buddhist source. The

extraordinary abundance and wide distribution of his silver coins ia

well known. They were current, with those of Apullodotua, at Bary-

gaza, many years after his death,J and are still abundantly found

over a wide region, including Kabul, Jalalabad, Peshawar, Mathura,

aud Rampur. They are not brought from Kandahar or Seistau.

" From this evidence," saya Cunningham,§ " it is certain that

Menander could not have possessed any part of Arachosia or

Drangiann, and that his dominions to the west of the Indus must

have been confined to the Kabul Valley and Eastern Afghanistau."

The coins which bear the name of ApoUodotus fall into two

classes : these are distinguished in the Catalogue,
Apollodotns. °

The second class are of later and poorer style ; and

on them the king usually bears the title of Phiiopator. General

Cunningham says|| that the PhUopator coins are fouuJ only in the

Panjab and N.-W. India, while the others are found over a much

wider area, including the " Upper Kabul Valley in the north,

Kandahar and Rob in the west and east, and Sindh in the south."

The evidence, on the whole, indicates that there were two kings of

the name of ApoUodotus, of whom the later, Phiiopator, was

* xi. U. 1. + De Eejiub. Ger., p. 821.

X PeripUn maris Err/thraet, v. 47, ed. Huller.

§ Num. CUron. 1870, p. 221. || Ibid., 1870, p. 77.

INTRODUCTION.

colleague of his father, the efirlier, and his successor iu some part'
of hia dominions. Aod this probability will be raised almost to a
certainty if we suppose that the restriking of Apollodotua' co
with the name of Eucratidea took place in the life-time of the latterj
since the coins which bear the legend Philopator cannot be brought
within a considerable distance of the reign of Eueratidea.

We have thus but slight indicationsj beside those of art and
Geo^TBphiciil fabric, to help us in determining the dates of the
data ; flnd-apon, tings from Helioclss to Hermaeus, Nor have wo
and monogrnmi.

safer data for their geographical assignment. The

find-spots of their coins have never been recorded with complete-
ness or accnracy. And the monograms which have been sopposed
to contain the names of mints have not been satisfactorily read, in
spite of the diligent efforts of General Cunningham, whose want of
success* in the matter seems to prove ohat success ia not possible,
at least in the present state of knowledge on the subject. And the
details of the types adopted by various kings help us no moro in
determining the locality of their rule than in assigning their line
of descent.

We can, however, make a few rough divisions' of territory.
Helioclea and hia predecessors minted, as we have seen, in Bactria,
his successors only on the south of the Indian Caucasna, And further,
it would seem that the Panjab and the Kabul Valley were frequently in
different hands. Thus the coins of Archebius and Amyntas seem to
be found in Kabul, and not to the east of the Indus j and those of
Hermaeus are far commooer in the same district than in the Panjab.
On the other hand, the coins of kings PhUosenus, Strato, and

* Gen, Cuiiningham'ii readings have not beeu accepted by the beat nuraismatiHU.
Von Sallet remaj'ks, " Such interpretations and experiments have too weak a baaia
to serve for bistorical inveatigatiooB." See also tlie remarks of M. Cbabouillet iu the
Sevue Namiam., 1867, p. 403.

A

AL OUTLISES. XXXIK

Eppostratua are chiefly foand to tte east of Jalalabad. A more

ict statement could only be made after many years' study on
^e spot.

The recorded find-spots of coins are however sufScient to give na
n idea of the extent f'^the Greek kiugdom in India. Cnnningham
states that coins ... oHodotua are found as far south as Kandahar
and Sindhj and those of Menander as far east as Mathara on the
3'amna. And there appear to be proofs in Sanskrit literature*
iiliat a Greek rnler [perhaps Menander) besieged Ayodhya and
Patali-patra {Oudb and Patna). But these expansions vrere
temporary, and there is no doabt that the only districts which
■were really Ilellenized were the Kabul Valley and the western
IPanjab,

Coins of AntialcidaSj Apollodotus, Ifenander, Lysias, Anti-
machus II., Diomedes, Arcbebius, and Hertnaeus, were found by
Massonf in the course of a few years at Beghram ; and since hia
time coins of Epauder, Dionyaiusj ZoiluSj Amyntas, and other kings
liave been found in the same region, if not on the same site. The
.kings mentioned, and probably others of Greek race, must all have
reigned in the Kabul Valley.

'With the Greek kings we have placed one of Indian name,
Eanjabalaj whose coins resemble those of Strato,
and show him to have been nearly contemporary
with that king. He may have been a satrap of Strato, who asserted
hia independence. His coins have been found in the eastern
Panjab and at MathnraJ in company with some of Strato.

SuiJBbala,

* Cunomgliam, in N«m. Chron. 1870, p. 224.

t S«e his iintiortaiit list of coins found at BepiliDini, ii
Sengat, 1836, p. 537.

* CunuinghBm, J. A. S. B. 1854, p. 6D1. lu this paper
RsDJabala may be identiotl with Bajapala, a king of the lai
that ZeioDiseg may be Jivana Eaja of the saniB djnaetj.
these identifications are, however, very strong.

the Journ. As. Soc.

suggested that
n of Dehli, and

INTILODUCTION.

Bojthte EiD^B.

The barbarous kings wbo make their appearance in In£a a

the destruction of the Greek kingdoi

even greater difficulties of arrangement than do"

the Greek kings themselves. Between the eastern expedition of

SifflcidtiN of Antiochus III., in B.C. 20S, and the era of Kanerkea,

^"""* *'*^' which may be taken as fixed* to a.d. 78, there is no
abaolately fixed point, and we are reduced to argnments of mere
probability.

Of all the coins of the barbarous rnlera, those of Mauea ar&-
the earliest in style. Von Sallet remarks that the
copper coins of this king are like those of Demetrius
and Apoliodotus, and belong to a period not much later than that
of those kings. In the forms of Greek letters, and the style of
art, his coins are superior not only to those of Hermaeua, but also
to those of kings such as Zoilns and Nicias. It is impossible to
place King Manes at a later date than the middle of the first
century B.C. And it is an interesting fact, vouched for by
Cunningham, that his coins are found in the Panjab only, especially
the N.W. part of it, and not in Afghanistan. We must suppose
that he ruled over some Scythic invaders, who had entered India
not through the Kabul Valley, but through Kashmir or Nepal, while
the country to the west of Peshawar was ruled by contemporary
Greek kings. At present the Passes between Kashmir and
Tarkand are but tittle used, but it is stated that the Karakoram
Pass is open all the year round; and the trade between India
and Yaa'kand by that route has of late years greatly increased.
And we know that in old times Kashgar was far more thickly
peopled than at present. It is also a matter of history that Nepal
has more than once been invaded by Chinese armies. It would
appear likely that at the time of the conquest of Bactria by the

e below, p. II

A

HISTORICAL OUTI.IKES. xll

Taeh-cbi, aa to wbicli Bomething h&s been said already, abont

B.C. 130, Bome tribe of that race or some other Scjtbic horde

passed southward through Kashmir or Nepal; and after imbibing

Bomething of Greek civilization, and learning the Greek laoguage.

Succeeded during the decline of the Greek power after Menauder

in establishing a kingdom to the east of the Indus, of which Manes

was the firat rnler.

Azee waSj according to general consent, the successor of Manes.

Von Sallet suggests that he was hb son, and reads
Mm, AailiMi. .

on coins of Azes, with hesitation, the legend

YMAVD, which may stand for wf'os Mavov. Azes was certainly

of later date than Maues, as the forma of his inscriptions and the art

of his coins testify. His money also is not found to the west of

Jalalabad; it is therefore likely that he did not greatly extend the

dominions of Manes, though the~extraordinary number of his coins

testifies to his wealth and power. Azes strikes in conjunction

" with Aspavarma, Azilises, Vononos, and Spalirises, and Vonoaes

in conjunction with Spalahores and Spalagadames. This shows

that Azes, Azilises, Yonones, and the Spalirises gronp, of whom

we shall speak presently, all belong to one time and to a

single group of kings. Bat Vonones and Spalirises seem, &om

the find-spots of their coins, certainly to have reigned in Kabul :

they may have ruled there and been tributary to Aaea ; but how

they coexisted with the latest Greek kings and the invaders

from Bactria, the kings of the Kadphises line, we are unable to

determine.

Of the relations between themselves of the kings composing this
TononM, group the legends of their coins enable as to judge

ftfl. in some measure ;—

1. BaiTiKeoK /^oaiXftaK fLeyiiXov 'Atpv = name and titles of the
Strategos Aspavarma.

J

:ln INTUODUCTION.

2. BaaiXeoj'; ffamXemv fteyoKou "A^ou-=Barriheri)t 0acrtXen>v fieyd- •

\ov 'A^iXiaav.*

3. BaaiXetoi ffatriKion/ fieyoKou ^ Ovdvov^ BaniXio)'; ASeKipov BtKai'av

SwaXaopov,

4. BacriXetiyv QaaCKemv fteyaXov 'Ovtovov^STraXaopov vlov hiKaiov

SiraXayaBafio v.

5. Baaik^tD'i ^afftkemv /ieyaXov STraXiplaov = BaaiKeai fieydXov

STra\tpia-ov.
G. Baa-iKeru'! /MeydKov X'^aXip'irTov^=Jja(Ti.\s<a'i /ley/iXou "A^ou.]'

7. BacriXecoii aSeXi^ou XiraXiplaov = BatriXEw^ dSeXtfiou Sixaiov

STraXtpia-ov.

8. ^-TraXvpiof hiKalav dBeXtpov tov ffamXewi ^ ST^aXaopov v!ov

BiKalov STraXarjaSdfiov.

. Vonones and Azes (undescribecl c
ningham'a possession).

to be in Gen. Can-

The evidence afforded by those legends is valuable, but not eo
decisive aa it might at first sight appear, and capable of being vari- '
onslj construed. Some points, however, are clear. Four kings of the
set assume the title King of Kings (Azes, Azilises, Yonones and
Spalirises), but they do not do so in succession ; Azes seems content
to share the title in a friendly way with Azilises and Spalirises, at
any rate. + ■ Spalirises was brother of a king, but of which king
does not appear. Spalahores is also brother of a king, and he and
his son Spalagadames strike in conjunction withVonones. Spalyris
is another brother, and at one time Spalagadames strikes in conjunc-
tion with bim. As close alliances of this kind scarcely occurred iu
antiquity, except between members of one family, we may regard it

• These reTsrse
Greek equivalents.

t TlilB IB Bnfficient proof tliat thi
' Mabaraja adhiraja ', does not implj

really written in Indian, I give, for e

SHtiniption of the title Duo
ikim lo general supremacy.

2

HISTORICAL OUTLINES. xllii

aa probable, if not certain, that all the kings of the group were
related one to the other. In that case it is likely that Azilisea,
Vonones, Spalirises, Spalahoras, and Spalyria were all sons of Azes,
and Spalagadames hia grandson. Aspavarma was a mere general
or satrap of Azes— perhapa, as hia name aeema to show, of Hindu
descent. The kingdom of Maues lasted in the hands of these rulora
from before tte middle of the first century b.o. at least until A.D. 20
or 30, spreading with time oyer a larger and larger area. It must
have been put down by the growing power of the kings of the
Eushan tribe, perhapa by Kadphises II.

We have coins of aeveral other kings io India of the same period,
Kingi with who do not appear to have been connected with

l-MthUaaaniM. gj^jj^j. ^^^ dynasty of Kadphises or that of Azes.
The only tie which connects them together is the Parthian character
of their names, and in moat cases of their coin-typea. Some both
in name and portrait, Pacorea and Arsacea, for instance, are
thoroughly Parthian. It is to be observed that under Mithradatea
and his warlike succeasors the Parthians had extended their empire
into Bactria, and driven back the invading Scythians. Some scions
of the royal Arsacid atock, or mere Parthian noblemen, may have
gained a footing in India and maintained themselves in opposition
to the Scythic kings.

The most important king of the Parthian class is Gondophares,
oondoplifirH ■*"*^ whom goes Abdagasea, who on hia coins calls

uLd AbdftgBHi. himself the nephew of Gondophares. The namea
of these rulers fortunately occur in the legends dating from the third
century a.d., which record the visit of S, Thomaa to India, * con-

• Cnnniogham, in Joum. At, 8oe. Bengal, vol. iiiii. Of. also Gutachmid, £hein.
Mum. 1B64. p. 161, ftod von Sallet in ZeiUchr. f. Num.. 1880, p. 296. QatBoliinid
show* that GMpard, one of the three kings of the Christian legend, is idontioal with
Gondophares.

I

xliv INTEODUCTION.

taining indeed much that ia untrustworthy, but also a baaia of fact,
S. Thomas is represented as converting Gundaphorus, his brother
Gad, poasibJy the Orthagaes mentioned below, and his sister's sou
Labdanes, which last name seems to be a corruption of Abdagases.
Where these rulers lived is not very clear. The legend, however, may
furnish some ground for asaigning them to the period of S. Thomas,
that is, the first century a.d. More trustworthy than an early
Christian legend should be the iuscription at Takht-i-Bahi, if it could
be read with certainty. Professor Dowson renders thus : * " In the
26th year of the great king Gondophares, on the third day of the
month VaisSkha, (year) one hundred of the Samvataara," Unfor-
tunately, doubt hangs alike over the reading of name and date, nor
can the era be identified, for Samvatsara means merely era. All
that we can be sure of is that Gondopharea did not reign in
the hundredth year of the Saka era, by which Kanerkea and hia
successors (see p. li) date their inscriptions; for the style of hia ■
coina forbids us to place them as late as a.d, 178, If the name of
the king be rightly read it will prove that Gondophares reigned
in the neighbourhood of Peshawar ; but even this ia not certain,

A silver coin of Gondopharea diacovered by v. Sallet, and figured in
our plate xxxiii, 2, may perhaps give ua a clue to his date. It ia of
the types of Arsacid silver coins, and especially reminds us of a coin of
Mithradates II. (B.C. 90 or 80) , which has similar types on both sideal —
on one the head of the king ; on the other the king seated, holding
an eagle, crowned by a City, who stands behind him. And thia last
mentioned type aeems not to recur in the Araacid coinage, so that it
wonld aeem likely that Gondophares actually copied it from the coin-
age of Mithradates. In the inscription of Gondophares' coin we find
the epithet ai/TOKparaip, which ia found on the money of only two

• Joum. S. As. Sbc, 1875, p. 379.

f Gardner, PartMan Coinage, pL ii. 19.

A

UlSTORICiL OUTLINES.

Araacid kings — Sinatroces, b.c. 76 to 69, and Phraates IV., i,D. 8 — 1 1.

This particular coin of Gondopharea then would seem to hare been

struck not latcrthan the middle of the first centary a.d. The period

mentioned would snit the other coins of Goudopharea.

That Ortbagnes was a brother of Gondophares rests on a reading

OtthurnM of his coins proposed by Gen. Cnnningham, Thesup-

Atimgb, position has nothing improbable in it : the tvDe of

ZeloBiM*. ^, , . , , . .

Victory which appears on his corns being also fooud

on those of Gondophares and Abdagaaes. If it be well fonnded, it

will clearly prove the Parthian origin of the dynasty of Gondophares,

Ortbagnes connecting him with other Indian kings of Parthian type

ench as Pacores,* Arsaces 0e6<; and Araaces Sinaio^. All these rulers

most have been contemporary with the great time of the Parthian

empire. To the same period will be assigned also 2eionis8s, who on

Lis coins calls himself by the modest title of Satrap.

With regard to the seat of the power of these Indo-Parthian

Domtaioni kings we have a little information. The coins of

ol theu kings. Gondophares were found in plenty at Beghram by

HassoQ, and his small rude silver coins in the Panjab ; while those of

Ortbagnes are said by Gen. Cunningham to come from Seiatan and

Kandahar, and those of Abdagases {with legend Sasasa) from

Western Panjab. These facts seem to point to an extensive

dominion, and confirm the testimony of the anonymous Egyptian

merchant, f who informs ns of the existence of a Parthian realm in

the neighbourhood of the mouth of the Indus, in the reign of

Vespasian,

The silver coins of Sanabares, of which there is a specimen in the

* Not Pacorns. Almost all the names of tlie kings of this class end in — ea ; I
faaTe therefore kept that ending in doabtful cnsei, such ae Maues sad Spalinses,

t Periplu* marii Eri/tk., o. 38. Cf. Mammsenj Ram. G-eachkkte, vol. v.,
p. 362.

IKTBODUmON.

I

British Museum (pi. xxiii. 10), have been o-iven by
V. Sallefc to about the year A.D. 80, and have been
compared as contemporary with money o£ the Araatiid king
Vologeaes III.* of that period. But the portrait of Sanabares,
though it resembles that of Vologesea, is still more like that of
Mithradatea II., the helmet having cheek-pieces like the helmet
of the latter monarch, while the style of work is very Bnperior
to anything known in Parthia in the days of Vologesea. Mr.
Thomas had read on the Museum specimen the date TIT, which he
interpreted aa implying the 313th year of the Seleucid, and first of'
the Christian era. But this reading is now disputedjf and cannot
be insisted on. Safe if it is given up we should be still inclined to
place Sanabares at about the beginning of the Christian era.
Sanabares does not use Indian characters in bis legends, but either
Greek or Pehlvi, and four of the five coins of his in the British
Museum came from Persia, It is therefore likely that this king
ruled exclusively or principally to the north of the Indian Caucasus.
On referring to the coins of the Arsacidae, we find that in that
Epigraphy series the square D and L come in some twenty years

of these kings. ^_^_ q^ ^j^^ ^^j^^^. j^^^^^^ ^j^^ square LU X does not

take the place of H until 8 a.d. It is quite in keeping with these
facts that Manes uses round letters onlyj Azes, Azilises, Spalirises
and their contemporaries, use the square O with £2 ; Gondophares
and Abdagases use the forms □ and UJ . We have thus a series of
kings covering the period B.C. 50 to A.D. 60, The date of Pacores

• Zeitsekrift f. Num., 1879, p. 356. Tlie teit reads ' Yologeses I.' ; following
the erroneous nombering of ProteBch-Osten.
t On other Bpeoimena the letters take the form T IT 4c. They may have no

i used in the legend of King NioiaB, who certainly
But on the actual coins of that king the letter i

I In the teit thia form
reigned earlier than 8 a.d.
rounder, and of earlier type.

A

HISTORICAL OUTLINES,

xlvii

and Arsaces is not easj to fix, but roust fall during ttis period. It
18, however, noteworthy, aa von S&llet points ont, that the coin of
Arsaces 0ehq bears precisely the same types as one of Maues.

The nanieleijs king, who calls himself merely Soter llegas,
ThanameleM natQntlly gives US no cine in his iascription to
"' decido his afiiuitiea. Some of his coina are in type

and style closely hke those of Abdagases ; and as he also makes use
of the form U, he mnst be of about the same period as that king,
A.D. 30-50. His coina are found in great numbers in the Kabul
Valley. He may possibly hare been a member of the Kadphises
dynasty.

After the kings of Parthian character we must mention some

IHCrafti md the others whose types are not diaeimilar, yet who
*""- appear to be of Scythian race. Among these the

most important is Heraiis, whose remarkable coin (pi. xxiv. 7) throws
eome light over the history of this troubled time. Of late the
reading of the legend Tvpawovvro"; 'Hpdov Saxa Kotpdvav has been
disputed, but without solid reason, except as regards the last word.
This may with equal exactness aud probability be read icoppdvov;
t even if we do thus read it, the presence of the Tvpavvovero^,
rhich is qaite undisputed, proves that unusual Greek words may be
."expected at this time, and soggests that Koppdvou may be a cor-
ruption of Koipdvov. The reading HPAOY is allowed by Mr.
IThomas ; but he now disputes the important word Saka, reading
'instead of it the unintelligible words ZAN AB.* But we must
point out that on the Brit Mua. coin the third Icttur of the word is
not formed like the N 's, of which there are four in the inscription, but
like a retrograde Vt, which is on late Parthian and Bactrian coins an
ordinary shape of K : see pis. xxv, vi. 'paaiim. Thus there secma to

* A similar coin in the potBeesion of M. Tieeenhauaen geems to reud £AM AB
KarPAl/lQY- Sec Thomiis, S. A. S. Journhf, 1883, p. 75.

xlvi

INTBOnnCTlON.

be at present no sufficient reason for doubting that Heraiis calls
himself a Saka king; and we thaa gain a confirmation of the
statement of ancient historians, that that race was prominent in the
conquest of India from the Greeks. But Horaiis probably ruled,
like other kings of the class, to the north of the Caucasus.

Similar in type of head to Heraiis is Hyrcodes, one of whose ordinary
HyreodeB and types, that of the half-horse, is taken from silver
otlie». coins of the early Antiochi o£ Syria, which cir-

culated in Bactria, Wilson states that most of his coins come from
the Bactrian side of the Caucasus; Mr, Thomas,* that they belong
to Kerman. At page 119 of the Catalogue will be found a few
coins of the same class which seem to bear the names of other
kings ; but these legends may be mere blundered attempts to
produce some more intelligible name.

Fiualiy, we have to speak of a well-defined group of kings which

KadphisBB I. takes its rise with that Kozulo Kadphises who
and Booceasora. appears on coiua aa colleague and successor of
Hermaeus. His date must be the last quai-ter of the first century b.o.

We do not know to what branch of the widely extended race of
Sakas, or nomads, Maues and his successors belonged. But we have
reason to think that the group at present discussed were kings of
the Tueh-chi, who are identified by Cunningham with the Tochari,
and that they belonged to the Kushan branch of that tribe.

We have already seen how Kadphises led theTneh-chi, about
B.C. 25, southward across the Paropamisus aud conquered Herma,eus,
whom he reduced to a state of vassalage. Uuder his successors the
dominions of the Yueh-chi went on increasing. Probably he was
succeeded by the king who bears the very similar name of Kozola

• Oa a coin probably airailar to our pi. iiiv. 13, Mr. Tbomas reads Guath i
Pehlvi characters iSassanian IiiicripHoiis,]}. 10). Oar coin is not suffiuientlj ci
pk'te for me to ho fiuro of the rciiding.

nISTOniCAL ODTl.lN'ER. sliSn

Kadaplies, wlio on his money calls himself the ruler o£ the Kushaus,

The portrait of this raler on the coins bears bo strong a resemblance

E4dapbei, to that of Angastus that it seoma all but certain thut

^'*' ■ he must have reigned ab the very beginning of the

Christian era. That he succeeded the first Kadphiaes is very pro-

Imble, and it is equally probable that he was succeeded by the

aecond, who on his coins calls himself Ooemo Kadphises, and whose

reign brings ua down to the accession of Kanerkea in a.d, 78. We

thus have a succession of princes of the same or nearly the same

name extending over 100 years, and it is hard to believe tlyit they

do not represent a dynasty which reigned in the Kabul Valley.

We have on a copper-plate from Miinikyala (Taxila) a record, wherein

Intcription a satrap called Liako Kiisuluko dates from the 78tli

from Taxila. y^^j. ^f ^j^^ g,.j,^^ j^j^^ jj^g^_ j^ ^^^^^^ ^^j^ unlikely

that the satrap in question may be Kozola Kadaphes, and perhaps
still more probable that the great king Mega is Mauea. Kadaphes,
who probably reigned at the very beginning oE the Christian era,
may well be placed seventy-eight years later than the accession of
Maues, which must be placed not so late as the middle of the fii'sC
century B.C. But of course it is all but impossible that Maues can
have himself reigned seventy-eight years. The reference must be
not to the year of his reigo, but to an era established by him.

The evidence derived from the stylo and epigraphy of coins seems
SpiMd of to show that Kadphises I, and Kadaphes ruled bub

India. a part of N.-W, India. When Kadphises came iu

as an invader from tho north, he found Hermaeus ruling in the
Kabul Valley, and reduced him to a state of depeodence. At tho
same time Azes was probably ruler of the Panjab ; and perhaps souks
of the later Greek rulera, such as Hippostratus, atill held rule on
the lower Indus. When Hermaeua died no Greek succeeded him,
but Kadphises occupied his place. Kadaphes, or the nameless

/

I

iNTnonrcriod.

king, must have succeeded Kadpliisoa : their contemporaries must

have been Azilises, Spalirisea and Gondopbarea. That the coins of

They Tjecoma Gondophares and of the nameless king are alike

dominant wider found in abundance at Beehram, -while those of

KadphiBBElI. "

Kadnphes are not abundantj soems to show that the

Tueh-cbi did not rapidly extend their dominion in India, hut met
at first with formidable rivals ia the descendants of Azes. Only on
the accession of the second Kadphises did tho power of the invaders

become altogether [
bia suQcosBors it was supreme
l-'arthians, and tbo race of Aze:
reflected in tho coins,

Kadphises II., Ooemo Kadphis

It appears that under him and
n all N.-W. India; and Greeks,
alike disfippcar from history as

a, was a wealthy monarch, and the

founder of a powerful lino of Scytbic tine's, as to
Bttccesaora of .... , . .

Kadphises 11., wbom inscriptions give us some information. His

andHooe/kea ^^^^ '^ about the middle of the first century A.P.

His

date is about th

ors are the kings called on their coins

Kanerkea and Hooorkos, and in the records Kanishka and Huvishka,

Their rule comprised the whole of N.-W. India and the Kabul Valley.

The date of these kings was a matter of uncertainty until tho

Thsir d&ts brilliant conjcctnre of Mr. Fergusson * as to tho

origin and use of the Saka era settled the matter.

Mr. Fergusson's theory ia accepted by most Sanskrit scholars, and

the numismatic evidence in its favour is so overwhelming, that tho

numismatist cannot hesitate to join them ; in fact, v. Sallet had before

the publication of Mr. Fergusson's paper assigned Kanorkes to tbo

same period into which he falls on the theory proposed in that paper,

and that on numLsmatic ovidonco only. The now theory is that the

Saka era starts from tho date not of tho destruction of tho >SakaH,

• Oh the Sul-a, Sanwat and Gupta Eraf, J. It A. S. 1880, p. liJO. Cf. Mi
Huller, Itidia—Wkal can il teach as ? p. 231.

.'f. Max J

aiSTORlCAI. OITLINES.

li

'lit of the BataLiiBliment of their empire in India auJer ICaaerkea. *
It is fixed to A.D, 78. The dates at Mathara and elsewhere are said
to be ae futlowa (Tbotaas: Ancient Indian Weights, p. 46, and Jaiiiimii;
f. 10) :_

King. S«Kt YEin. Yk^b A.D.

Kanerkea, 9, 11, 18, 28 87—106.

Hooerkcs, as, 3£l, 47, 48, 51 1 1 1—1 29.

Vasu D3?a, 44, 83, 87, fiS 122-170.

Tlie evidence of fiads coufirms this assignment of dates. In a

tope at Ahin Posh near Jalalabad, Mr. Simpson found together the

litllowiug gold coins : —

10 coins of Kanerkes, 6 of Kadphises, 1 of Hooerkes.
1 of Domitian, 1 of Trajan, 1 of Sabina.

The reigns of the Roman imperial peraoas cover the period
.J). 81-136; and this proves that the deposit cannot have been
liuried nntil about A.D. 130,t probably in the reign of Hooerkoa.

It is true that in the Manikyala tope there were found with coins
of Kanerkes some worn consular denarii which belong to the period
before Augustus,! but it ia more than probable that these coins
■were not buried till a long time after their issue.

11 aoems to be uuiversallj allowed that the Kanerkes and Hooerkes
of llie coins are tho Kanishkaand Huvishkaof inscriptions, and that
these were successive kings of the Kabul Valley and the Panjab.

But the Vasn Deva of the inscriptions, who is sup-
posed to correspond to the Bazodeo of the coins, is
a more mystorions personage. He overlaps in the dates Huvishka,

Or, prrliBps, EadpIiiseB II. ; ai it ia Eudphiaes who begins the isgae of Indu-
Scjrtbic gold uoins -. and Kaaerkefi' earliest date is the year 9.

+ Babma came to Ibe tbrone in 128. Tlic coin of ber issue, now preserved in
tbe BriliBh MuHeum, 18 not aa itatcd bj preTioas writers " muub worn," bat seems
to bare greatlj Buffered, niiether in ancient or moderu times, b; being exposed to
heat Tbe eoin of Triijan is woi-a. Cf. J.-H. J. iSoc. 1880, p. 266.

X Juvnt. At. Sue. Seagal, iii. p. 34.

1

and appears to have reigned for no less a period tlian fifty-four years.
ludced, if one inscription be rightly read, ho sometimes dates from
year 5 of thci era, * wliich will give to liia reign the impossible length
of 94 years. ProF. Dowson therefore suggests that Vasu Deva may
have been the nams given by their Indian subjects to kings of the
Kanerkea dynasty. In favour of this view it may be remarked that
the words Vasu Deva occur in Sanskrit letters on coins of various
periods and classesj and the supposed Greek equivalent BAZOAHO
occurs only on Indo-Scythic coins of semi-barbarous fabric.

The coins o£ Vasu Deva are succeeded by a large variety of copies,
some of fairly good stylo, others of barbaroas work, neither class
bearing intelligible legends. Some of these, in copper, were usually
given to an imaginary king Ooer Konorano, such being their legend.
Von Sallet has, however, conjectured that aa there are no gold coins
with the legend Ooer Kenorano, and no copper bearing the legend
Oocrke Korano, the copper coins above mentioned mast have been
struck by king Hooerkes, This conjecture is strongly confirmed by
the discovery in the Museum series of coinsf in all respects similar
to those reading Ooer Kenorano but reading clearly Ooerke Korano.
lint in fact the difference between the two legends is almost evanes-
cent, N in the one taking the place of K in the other; however,
in the inscriptions of this class these two letters are constantly
confounded. J

The gold coins which repeat barbarously the legends and types of
Vasu Deva become eventually of thin fabric and cup-like shape, like
some of the issues of Byzantium of the nioth and subsequent cen-
turies. But they must be earlier than that period, and are perhaps
copied from the concave coins of the class struck at Perscpolia
during Parthian supremacy.

» Cnnmn^ham, Arriaeolof/ii-al Seporls, in. 30. Dowson, J.R.A.S. vii.p.38].

t Pages lEG-8. J See above, p. ilvii. ,

IJJSClllPTIONS. liii

The whole class of Indo-Scythic golJ coiua appears as a moafc
remarkable phenomenon amid the coina of India, especially as gold
coins are eutiroly wanting in the Greek-Indian issues after the time
of Encratides, The line of descent of the new iasue must bo traced
not through the gold money of Alexander, which perhaps still cir-
culated in southern Asia, but through the Roman aurei which wero
first issued in abundance by Augustus, and which at the beginning
of the Christian era made their way into India, where they have
been found in conjunction with coins of Kadphisea and Kanorkes.
In weight the ludo-Scythic coins nearly correspond to the Roman,

11. Insceiptionb.

The inscriptions on the coins contained in this volume are of the

following kinds : —

(!) Greek language in Greek characters. On the coins of earlier

kinffs, from Diodotus to Demetrius, Greek leeenda
GiMk Iftngiugt. ° ' .

only are employed. After that time we usually find

Greek on oue aide of the coin only. It is, however, quite evident that

the Greek letters and the Greek language were generally understood

in northern India and in Kabul aa late as the second century of our

«ra. This fact, clearly established by the testimony of coins,

confirms the otherwise not trustworthy testimony of Phitostratus,

who represents that Apolloniua of Tyaua, when ho visited India, had

no difficulty in making himself generally understood by speaking

Greek. In the Hindu revival under the Guptas the Greek language

was probably swept away with other traces of Greek culturo.

Notable is the use by somo of tho later rulers of poetical Greek

words like Kolpavo<;, Tvpawetov and avtKTjTo';.

(2) Indian language in native characters. These last are of two

sorts. The square letters of the so-called Indian
lodUii luigBtge.

Pali are used by Pantaloon and Agathocles only ; tho

i

llv

INTHODI^CTION,

more cursive cLaractera, called Arian Pali, arc used hy all tlio other
kings down to the latest times. In tho case of the edicts of Agoka,
the Ariau cliaractera are usod only in the Kabnl Valley, and tha
Indian characters elsewhere; and this fact shows, what is proved in
many otKer ways. Low completfiJy the Greek and Scythian power
ill India centred in the Kabul Valley.

The language which I have called by the general name of Indian
is a debased form of Sanskrit or Pali. To fix authoritatively the
readings of words in this language is impossible except to a Pali
scholar. I have therefore given, in nearly all cases, the readings of
previous writers, unless they seemed to me to.conflict with the clear
testimony of the coins; in which case (a very rare one). I have
ventured on innovation. In the cases where it was necessary to
decide between various authorities, I have sometimes had the
advantage of the advice of Mr. Cecil Bendall, who has kindly
allowed me to profit by his wider knowledge of Sanskrit. Still
more have I regarded any philological criticism of the forms
presented by the coin-legends as lying outside my task. Sucli
criticism might well form a supplement to M. Senart's valuable
papers on the language of the Asoka edicts in vols. xv. and xvi.
of the Journal Asiatique, but in a numismatic work it would bo
altogether out of place. And this is clearly a task which could
only be attempted with advantage by a highly -trained Sanskritist.

The system here adopted in transliteration of Pali inscriptions is
the same as is used in other Museum Catalogues, and nearly identical
with that used by Prof. M. Williams in his Lexicon and Gi-ammar.

To the letters in which these inscriptions are written I have paid

rorms of closer attention, palaeography being perhaps more

nearly related to archteology than to philology. To

determine their forms requires care and a practised eye rather than

wide linguistic knowledge. I have drawn up a table of Arian Pali

i

ItOSOGRATIS. IV

etlers ased on tbe coins, after careful comparison of the authoritative
tables drawn up by Gen. Cutmiugbam (see p. Ixx). All tbe letters in
the table have been cat tipon types ; so that printing in tliis alphabet
will in fntnre be comparatively easy- With the sqnare or Indian Pali
cbaracters I have not concerned myself, as they occur on so few coins.

(3) Scythic language in Greek characters. These are the inscrip-
BejtUe tions on coins of the latf? kings of the Kauerkos

l"f«Be. group, snch as PAO, NANO, KOZOVAO, KOpANO,

and more especially the names of deities on the reverses. These
words, 80 far as at present identified, are of non-Scythic origin,
borrowed from the langoagcs of India, Persia, and Greece, and
only bearing the Scythian stamp in their termination o. and in
modirications of the forms of words.

Lists of Greek, Scythic and Indian words will bo found in tlio
Judex of Inscrijition*; and renderings of the last -mentioned in llic
table at p, Ixxii.

III. — MoKOGBAHS.

In the field of coins of all periods ia a prodigious number of
monograms and detached letters, sometimes Greek and sometimes
of the Arian Pali class. If these could be read and interpreted,
there con be no doubt that they would afford us most vahiahlf
information. But they present the greatest difEeulties,

Gen. Cunningham has well remarked, in regard to some of Lho
Diflenlttei Greek monograms, that their constant recurrence

•tlnurp tion. ^m-ing successive reigns proves that they cannot
denote monetary magistrates, but most stand for mints. Tliere in
reason in this ; but when the writer goes further, and trios to
identify the various mints which they respectively roprcsout, wo,
like moat students of these coins both iu Euglatid and abroad, aiv
unable to follow him. While therefore we must acknowledge ihi'

INTBODUCTION.

possibility that many of the Greek monograms may stand for the
names of mints, we must stop short at that point. Nor does there
seem auj probability that we shall advance further, until the find-
spots of Bactrian and Indian coins are far more exactly recofded than
they have hitherto been. The monograms and letters of the Pali
alphabet do not recur in the same way as the Greek, but vary far
more; and it does not seem probable that they stand for mints.
They may stand for the names oF magistrates, for the date or
nnmber of the issue, or they may have been used for some other
purpose which has not yet been guessed. Perhaps, iu these
circumstances, it may seem superfluous to record them, as has
been done in this Catalogue ; but it is impossible to be sure tha(
valuable information will not some day be extracted from them.

IV. Types.

The types which appear on the coins described in the present
volume arc most interesting from the point of view of art and
mythology; but it is to he regretted that they furnish ns with
but little historical information. We have already noted the
futility of trying to determine the genealogy or the dominions
of the Greek kings by means of the types of their coins; and the
same holds true, in scarcely loss degree, in regard to the kitigs of
Scythic race. It is a remarkable fact that throughout the period
of which we treat there seem to have been in N.-W. India artists
capable of designing original types for coins, so that the necessity
for a slavish copying of foreign coins, which gives valuable material
to the historian, does not seem to have arisen.

In the types used by Greek kings we find great variety, and they
Typei of open to us quite a new chapter of Greek art,

ree age. jiifording fresh proof of the remarkable originality

s

INTRODUCTION.

standing, holding a long sceptre. On those of Amyntaa (xiv. 11)
and Hermaeua {xv. 8) we find the head of a deity wearing Phrygian
cap, whence issue raya. But when we reach the issues of King
Manes (pis, xvi., xvii.), we find a wealth of most remarkable and
original barbaro-Helleaic figures ; a figure resembling Tyche
(xri. 3), holding in one hand a patera, in the other a wheel, who
seems to he the original of the still more outlandish figure ofAzes'
coins (sviii. 10, 11) ; a radiate Artemis, with veil flying round her
head (xvi. 4) ; a draped goddess, bearing a crescent on her head,
and standing between two stars ; and several others. Still more
original ia the type (xvi. 9), where a seated Zens grasps in hia
extended hand, not, as usual, a Victory (vii. 9) or a thunderbolt
(vii. 5) , but a being who seems an impersonation of the thunderbolt,
and stands in the midst of it j as well as the type (xvii. 2) where a
nymph, perhaps a Maenad, stands grasping two stems of vine.
Manes' successors, Azea and Azihses, use types of the same class.
A careful consideration of these facts will convince us that by some
means or other Manes and hia race secured the services of artists
who had been instructed by Gfreeks, but were not restricted by

Greek traditions. In fact, in these coins we have the sole

remammg

relics of au interesting school of art, one of many which existed in
Asia in the first century B.C., and which have passed away almost
without leaving any memorial. It would further seem that kings,
who were the patrons of art, and understood the Greek language,
must have been considerably softened and refined by contact with
civiHzed neighhonrs.

The first of Indian deities to claim a place on the coins is Siva

who seems to make his appearance on the coins of
Eindn type*.

Gondophares (pi. xxii. 8, 9), though it must be con-
fessed that this figure may with equal plausibility be called a
Poseidon, for the characteristic marks of Siva are absent.

But on M

coins of Kadpliisea H. the bull, which appears beside the deity,
Bnfficiently provGS him to be Sivaj and on the money of Kanerkea
and his successor he appears in more and more native form, four-
armed, and bearing the numerous symbols associated with him in
local belief. It is probable that the goddess who appears on the
coins of Azes as standing on a lotus, and holding a Sower (six. o),
is either ParvatI, the dread wife of Siva, or Labshmi, the goddess of
fortune : the supposed lion, which seems on the coin to he under her left
elbow, may bo after all only a lump of oxide. These, and the dancer
on the coins of Pantaleon and Agathocles, are the only strictly Hindu
types to be found on coins before the time of the great Yueh-chi
dynasty, when other deities come in, as will be seen by the list given
below.

To speak of Parfchiau types on coins at all may seem a misnomer,

since there are no original Parthian types in es-
Pulhian typei. ° . .

istence, if we except representations of the king

himself; in these matters theParthians were imitators of the Greeks.

Bat there are, notwithstanding, certain types of deities, and a certain

Btyle of art, which we learn to associate with the coins of Parthia;

and when we can trace these on coins issued in India, a presumption

arises that the king who issued them was of Parthian stock. For

example, the portraits of Parthian kings, bearded, and wearing the

diadema, have quite a distinct aspect; and we find this aspect in the

portraits of Gondophares, Pacores, Orthagnea, and Sanabares. The

type which represents a City crowning the king, which occurs on the

money of Phraates IV. and subsequent kings of Parthia, is used by

Zeionises (pi, xxiii. 4) ; and Nike, who is continually present on

Parthian coins, is quite a feature also on our pi. xxiii., which contains

coins of the kings of this group. Indeed, some of their coins, such

as xxiii. 10 and 11, are altogether of Parthian type.

In view of their types, the gold coins of the conquering Yuoh-chi

1

ll INTRODUCTION.

kings are of surpassing interest. The obverse pre-
Tnah rti ^enta us with a figure of the king clad in helmet and

armour, which are closely like those borne by the
first Araaces of Parthia on his coins. The reverses are extremely
varied, and present us with a multitude of types borrowed from
several different mythologies. Had these coins been anepigraphous,
their interpretation would have baffled all ingenuity ; but fortunately
the names of the various deities represented are written beside them
in Greek characters, only somewhat disguised by being crushed into
Scythian forms. On these types two important papers have been
published, one by Mr. Thomas* and one by Dr. Hoffmann. f
Though the present writer does not pretend to the linguistic kaow-
letlge of either of these scholars, he ventures to diacuss their results
from the numismatic point of view and that of comparative

On these gold coins the following types appear: —

(a.) Geeez and Semi-Geeek Deities.
Inseripihaa. Tj/pes.

HAIOC Radiate sun-god, holds sceptre:

CAAHNH Male moon-dtiity, holds sceptre.

NANAIA Female deity holding sceptre, which ends iu the

fore-part of a horse.

These types occur in the series of coins issued by
king Kanerkes with Greek legends only. The names
of the deities are given in Greek, not Scythic.
Nevertheless, in the types there are clear signs of
barbarism. The figure of Helios is identical with
that on bilingual coins inscribed with the name of

* Jainiam, or the Early Faith of Asoka ; J. S. A. S. 1877,

t Ahkandlviigenf.d.KuiidedfsMorgtnlande3,\o\.ya.(\S8\], no, 3, p. 1311

lll«qq. A

isi

Mioro, and the figure of Nanaia with that on the
coins inscribed NANA; wliile the typo of 'Saleno'
18 borrowed from the coins inscribed MAO, and ia
male instead of female. Nanaia, though a deity of
Persian origin,* was clearly regarded by the die-
cntter as Greetj perhaps aa identical with Artemis,
but there ia much that is oriental in her figure,

NANA, ) Female deity holding sceptre, as above; over her

NANA PAO ) forehead, crescent.

fOAIIOI '^^^ PAO is evidently only a auEBx. The crescent

of coarse indicates a lunar deity. NANO and OKPO
are combined on a coin published by Prokeach-
Osten. Arch. Zeit 1849, pi. x. 8.

HPAKIAO Heraklea; holds club and apple.

-^pO Artemis clad in long chiton; holds bow andarrow.

The type ia unmistakeable, but the legend ia puz-
zling. Mr. Thomas reads it Z6PO 'Ceres' (?), but that
brings us no nearer to Artemis. I venture to suggest
that tho word MEIPO (see p. Ixiii) is intended, for
we find in other instances that inappropriate legend
Bometimea accompanying types which were, as we
may conjecture, unintelligible to the die-cutter.
Po War-god, standing ; holds spear and shield.

The word PAO, evidently meaning king or royal,
may be detached from the legend. The remainder,
PHOPO, cannot be with certainty explained, but it
seems most likely that it is a mere twisting of the
Greek APHZ, and that the intention is to portray
the Greek war-god. Tho typo suits Ares perfectly.

• A long diBsertation oii lier by HoB'm.

c, p. 130.

IsLi

IMTRODL'CTIOM. ^^^^|

Inscriptions.

7h/pe>. 1

PIOM

Pftllas, or Eoma ; holds apear and shield. 1

Mr. Thomas reads PlAH,'Ehea'(?). But PIOM, 1

or even POJM, ia nearer to the actual legend, and i

the types of Pallaa and Roma can scarcely be dis- 1

tingoiahed ; I am therefore inclined to find here an

impersonation of the great city, such imperaonation

being naual in contemporary Roman coins.

CAPAno

Sarapis, holds sceptre ; modiua on head.

WPON

Deity, wearing modius, holds sceptre.

[WPOH ?]

I am disposed to identify this figure with the

Greek Uranus, though he may almost as well stand 1

for the Indian Varuna. J

(,8.) Persian Deities.

AOPO, >

Fire-god, holding hammer and tongs.

AOOPO j

Male figure, holding wreath aud tongs.

This is the Iranian fire-god, called fay Mr. Thomas

A tars; but his form is copied from that of the

Greek Hephaestus.

APA€lXPO

Sun-god, with hand raised. (Persian ?)

The origin of the name is obscure : it may even

be a mere corruption of APAOXPO,

APOOACPO

Male deity, holding wreath, horse beside him.

The first letter has usually been corrected to A-

Hoffmann, however, observes that as it stands tho

name is near to the Persian word Luhraap, It is

not certain that we have here a snn-god, the horse,

hia only marked attribute, being not necessarily

solar.

MANAO-

Moon-god, four-armed, seated on throne. ^^

BAFO

.. J

Ml IPO, ^

MeiPo, (

MIOPO,)
[ONio]

NANA
OANINAA

Mr, Thomas interprets the legend ' Milonh Bago,'
a particular form of the Iranian moon-deity. Hoff-
mann recognizes the deity as Bahman (Mano Vohu).

Moon-god, holds sceptre, wreath, ankus, &c.

Mao is a Zend name for the moon-god,

Eadiate aun-god, holds sceptre, wreath, &c.

[In one case the inscription accompanies a figure
of Nanaia.]

The form MIOPO does not, so far as I know,
occur. The deity intended seema therefore rather
to be the Iranian sun-god Mihira, than his Graeco-
Roman counterpart Mithras.

See above, under Greek deities.

Victory, holding wreath and sceptre.

The Zend word Vanant stands for the star of
victory (Hoffmann). Mr, Thomas considers the
legend to refer to Anandates, a Persian deity men-
tioned by Strabo* But he was a male deity, and
of his character we know nothing.

Wind- god running.

"Zend, ' wind-god,' Mio " (Hoffmann), The type
is very characteristic, and decidedly original.

War-god ; holds spear and aword.

The legend has been read ORAATNO, and sup-
posed by Mr. Thomas to refer to Agni. Hoffmann
considers the deity to be the Persian war- god
Varhran, or Bahram.

Deity holding fire, sceptre, sword, &c., some-

■B^, page 512(c).

INTRODrCTION.

times wears winged helmet, or stands on a fire;
Bometimes holds the caduceus of Hermes, and evon
hia purse.

The Persian word Jar or farr signifies fire,
and that the deity is a fire-god is evident. Hoff-
mann calls him the god of victory, hcarenanh,
" Hoheita und Sieges- glanz."

(7.) Indian Deities.

APAOXPO Female deity, holding a cornucopiae.

[AOXPO] The type is nearer to that of the Greek Tyche

than to any other figure. The legend has heen
regarded as a transcription of Ardha-ugra, half or
consort of Siva, Parvati. And that OKRO stands
for Siva is certain, aa we shall presently see : hut
there still remains for explanation the aspirate X for
K, as well as the curious circumstance that the cruel
and relentless Piirvati should appear in so mild and
propitious a form. Hoffmann considers the deity in-
tended to be the Persian Ashis, daughter of Ahnro,
goddess of fortune. Others aappoee bar to be
LakshmT, the Indian goddess of fortune, who
closely corresponds to Tyche.

MAACHNO War-god Skanda, holding standard and sword.

There can be little doubt that the legend repre-
sents the Sanskrit Mahasena, ' ruler of a great

I

Ixv

figure so nearly resembles that of Skanda in thej
present series, that it is safe to identify it with him
Later, Mahasena reappears, in somewhat differend
form.

Siva, standing with trident and bull ; hia hair in |
form of a sholl.

Siva having four hands, in which he holds a yas%
an Indian thunderbolt,* a tiideat, and a goat t~\
sometimes a wreath or a Greek thunderbolt : he
is Bometimea phallic,

There has been a quite unnecessary doubt as to the
identification of this figure ; Hoffmann calls it Ahuro,
and von Sallet " Pantheon aus Zeus, Poseidon, Hera-
kles," &c. No doubt there is a Greuk element in the
type, but the attributes prove beyond any doubt that
Siva(Ugra) is intended. The thunderbolt, trident, and
goat, are all attrabutes of that deity as he appears in
Hindu pictures, and the special arrangement of the
hair and the phallic nature also belong to him espe-
cially. On some of the late coins Siva has three faces.

Two figures of armed deities; one holds standard
and sword, one sword and spear.

These figures also can be unhesitatingly identified
as Skanda, the Hindu god of war, who bears the
epithet of Kumara, the prince, and Visakha, who is
called in the Mahabharataf a son and impersonation
of Skanda.

« Od p. 132 tliia attribute hus
bat tlie occurrence of the Grepk tliK
Indian oaantcqiHrt of that weapon.

t i. 2588, iii. 14384, Ac.

been called a drum. Its fon
nderbolt in the handoF Siva

B that □

B that it is the

i

INTEODDCTIOS,

Two figures, as before; between tliera a deity, wlio
is apparently horned.

In this remarkable group we find again Skanda
Kumara, and Vijakha : the third figure appears to
be Mahasena, who ia here differentiated from Siva.

See above, under ' Greek Deities.'

(S ) Budd/ia.
Figure of Buddha, st-anding, preaching.
Buddha seated cross-legged (Fl. xxxii. 14).
These coins are most interesting as giving os tbo
earliest known artistic representation of Buddha.
The second and longer legend seems to be a tran-
script of Advaya Buddha Sukyamuui.* On a British
Museum specimen CAKAM A is clear ; the old read-
ing CAM AN A,with its interpretation Sramana, must
therefore be given up.

which these various figures are represented is re-
markable, and points clearly to a local sehool.
Tliere are a few set schemes according to which all
the figures are arranged. Nanaia {xxvi 10) is in exactly the same
attitude as Ardochro (xxvi. 6). The sun-god (xxvii. 9) finds his
close parallel in the moon-god (xxvii. 22). Pallaa, or Roma (xxviii.40)
differs from Ares (xxviii, 17) only in the length of her chiton. This
being the case, it is evidently futile to seek the originals of the types
of these coins, as one might be tempted to doj on the Roman aurei
of the CEesara. Thus the Roma (xxviii. 20) is closely like Pallas on
an aareua of Galba, and the Victory (xxviii. 13) nearly resembles

* The word advaja is due to a Boggeation of Mr. Bendall ; the full form
be fldvaja-Tadin, ' he who speaks of the ou« ;kiioivIi.'<ij;i').'

Inscriptions.

CKANAo

KOMAPO,

MAACHNo,

BIZAro

WPON

BoAAo,
oAYo BOY )
CAKAMA, S
]ro BoYAAo

The style i
Style oC tn>«i.

>tiui uiva I
m would^fl

\

WEIGHTS Ixvii

Victory on an anrens of Otho ; yet we have no right in these and
similar cases to assume that the Roman ooin ia the prototype, and
the Indian coin the copy. Rather both coin-types are copies of a
conventional and widely cnrrent mode of representing the deities.
Within the limits set by their conventional notions aa to attitades
and drapery the artists employed by the Scythie kings move freely;
they vary attributes contiuuallyj and in the case of Siva even develop
a type quite differeut from anything to which they can have been
accostomed in a Greek school,

V- WBIQHTa.

It is maintained by Gen. Cunningham that the earliest Greek

coins of India, those of Sophytes, are struck not on
The pnrilna.

tho Attic standard, but on a native standard which

is based on the rati or grain of ahrus precatmius. 0£ these grains,

32 weigh, according to Cunningham, 58^ English gr., according to

Thomas 56 gr. We thus reach a unit, the purana, followed in tho

eiirly punched silver coins of India ; and that the money of Sophytes

follows the same standard is likely enough, though if so it is rather

over-weight.

Apart from these specimens, all the earlier coins of the kings of

lI»8ofAUIc Greek descent which were issued in India and to

•taadard. ^^^g north of the Caucasus, are struck on the Attic

standard (drachm, G7'0 grains) which Alexander made universal in

the regions which he conquered, and which was maintained by tho

Seleucid kings who succeeded him in Asia.

The earliest monarch to strike on another standard is Bueratides ;

and in the reigna of his successors, Hehocles and Antialcidas, the

Attic standard is gradually given np, the new standard advancing

in coujuaction with the custom of using on the coins Indian ti-an-

scripts of tho Greek legends.

1

Ixviii INTIIOOL'CTION.

This new standard appears to be identical with that called by
the Persian, the etandard on which

PewiftB atutdaid. .1, ,• 1 n ■ -d

coins were struck m all parts of the Persian Empire,

notably the sigli stamped with the figure of the Persian king, which
must have freely circnlatcd in the northern parts of India, which
paid tribute to the Persians. Tha standard used by the Indians for
the silver coins, which they issued before the Greek conquest, is as
we have already remarked different. The present standard therefore
would seem not to be native to India, bub an importation from
Persia.

In the Persian standard the unit or drachm weighs 84-86 grains :
if therefore the lower standard of the Greek kings of India be
Persian, we must call the heavier pieces, which weigh as a maximum
160 grains, didrachms; and the smaller pieces, which weigh np to 40
grains, hemidrachms. Hitherto the larger pieces have usually been
treated as didrachms, and the smaller as hemidrachms, of Attic
standard, which is clearly wrong. But Sallet also appears to be
wrong in supposing that the larger pieces are tetradrachms, and the
smaller drachms of a standard reduced from the Attic, For the
change from the Attic standard to that which I call the Persian takes
place suddenly, and is evidently due not to any sinking of standard,
but to the adoption for purposes of convenience of a different weight
for coins.

All gold coins before the Indo-Scythic period follow the Attic

standard, somewhat debased. The Indo-Scythio
Gold Btandard.

gold money, as we have already observed, p, Uii,

follows the standard of the aurei of Rome.

The following table gives approximately the normal or standard

weights of coins in the various metals issued in ludia by Greek and

Scythic kings.

PERCY GARDNER.

^^^^^H )

^

■

^^^^^^ NORMAL WEIGHTS OF COINS

Hf SUterof Attic standard .

Gnint
132-

8-55

If Dracbm of Attic Standard .

60-
248-

4-27
:607

Lido-ScytMc distater

„ Stater

124-

803

„ qoarter- stater

31-

201

SILVER.

Tetradrachm of Attic Standard .

264-

17-10

Drachm of Attic Standard

66-

4-27

Hemidrachm of Attic Standard .

33-

213

Obol of Attic Standard

11-

160;

■71
10-30

Didrachm of Pei^ian Standard .

Hemidraciira of Persian Standard .

40-
58-

2-59
3-75

Drachm of Indian Standard

1 NICKEL.

■ DidracUm of Attic Standard

132- ?

8-55

1 Drachm of Attic ■Standard

(jli-

4-27

THE ARIAN

PALI ALPHABET, ON COINS. '

v.,„.

Forma,

VnUiB.

ForaiH,

Value.

Forma.

•

7 7 2*

(Jam

%

fW

■T

a»

? [«t

gii

i k

§*.

[H]

ti(incJi.l)

ffa

f

till a

[V]

i

f

;,/,«

-fi

ta

\\'^

~

S

cha

'T ■?

a

■*\ ^

:

r

rJilia

3 :^ ■y

tra

-1

m

tm

p]

ka

■h

j'*'

ii *i

tm

1

>

hi

%

jii

y

Iha

. ^r^

kii

J,

jm

m

ida

i ^ 7 £ 4

l-e

T<

jha

^

(H

\i\^

kra

i

],U,M

>!

da

T

kri

i

jho

w

de

■^ 5

k-re

i h

iia

\y «

do

■n

/.■ha

4 s

fa

ra

dra

\

khn

s

Iha

[+]

dim

>

l-hM

. ^f^.

111 I

-H-

dhra

5

(/a

ti \

ihu

t

S»a

£ K -f

* Bottom Btrokes ooonr in th

case of many letters, such aa a, ga, ja, «a, and da ; it ie tbereforo
ietliar a letter ia intended to be folloned by u or t, ot to be only

BoaietioieB impOBnible to say w

t Panaa in eqaara brBckets

sra not finnd on, coins in the Britiflh Muaonm, but are cited as

occurring elsowbere on tbe anlh

ation, aseigna to it tbe value of u long : am aeema on tho i^uiiia to

ii^m S nnd aometimoa from ,.. " w n J

if J tannot aiatinguish ou llio

cuina bi:twaon N'I and u i, ,ia nuJ da ; the fo^-ma of <f<i, J. niid \M

AW oaod iatoteiiaiigeably on the

toiue of MoDunder.

A

■

THP

Anus PA I

ALPnADET, UN

^^^^^H

COINS.

~

Value.

■■™-

Vnlua.

r„™

v.„„.

Forma.

„■

s i

m«

V

ITi

2

iw

A 1

ya.

A

,„

n

pi

p, J«

Id

A

.,.-

rt

P"

^

11"

A

.,v,

r"

j,m

^

•r

A

,te

T

l<ri

i>

ra

1

»hka

[T>]

,J,a

A V

ra..

■T.

,hd

_[f]_

rhi

*

H

•*[

,a

ITT '

jv,™

i-

ra

~i

.a,.

t

lihaa

■P

rkhe

%

.i

t

fa

^

rte

-^

,„

7_

U

*1

rma

3-

.„

i ?

111

■h^

Tva

■a

S'rt

f

lira

■z

i-sa

p]

e/i

*

hha

fi

la

-1

s/rti

2

U,„

i k

U

•*1

yw

, ''■

•«

v.* V3 J"

la

■d

/,^i

~ 2.

1 ,,»-

Iw"

lo

-rt ^

Ai

-)(.

ma,.

V

ra

7

l,„

2

„i

V

ri

*

1,0

^

m

u»

..<

:7

1,0

>

i " 1

Bj^ ( i™i )

B^^TABLE OF TRANSLITERATIONS AND REN-

^^M DERINGS OF PRAKRIT LEGENDS.

^B '

Indian.

Greek equivalent.

Engliali rendering,

INDIAN PALI,

Aliiithuklnyasa APAOOKAEOYZ

Pamliiluvasa HANTAAEoNTOZ

Ilajino BAriAEHS

King (ffenitiiK).

AKIAN TALI.

Akftthukreyaaa*

apaookaeoyj:

Aniitasa

AMYNTOY

Amtialikiilasa

ANTIAAKIAOY

Amtimakhaaa

ANTIMAXOY

«

ApadOiatasa

ANIKHTOY

Invindble (y««.)- |

Apalailatasa

AnoAAOAOTOY

Aparajitasa

ANIKHTOY

Inyincible (ffsii.'). |

Apratihatasa

Invincible (ffew.). '

Apratihatachakrasa

Invinciblo with tlio disoua (jeii.).

Apulaphanasa

AnoAAO<t>ANoY -w

Arkbeljiyaaa

APXEBIOY

Ai-temidorasa

APTEMIAnPOY

Ashshakasa

APZAKOY

Availagaaasa

ABAAPAZOY

Ayaaa

AZOY

!

Ayalishasa or 1
Ayilisbasa J

AZIAIZOY

1

• The diBtinctmD bot«oo[i long and short a is not prosorvod in this tBblo. ta the two (oium

seem tq bi; useii almoBt in

^^^^^^1

n

raTEOETJCTION.

hsiii

I Indian.

Greek equivalent.

English rendering.

P'Bhrailapiitrasa

AAEA*IAEnZ

ErotWs son (jeji.).

1 BLrata

AAEA*OZ

Drother.

:hft

Ami (eneliU<-).

jhhatrapasa

lATPAnoY

Satrap (gm.).

Bevatratasa

Protected by the gods (yeii. ).

Dhramatliiilaaa

StfadfBst in the kw fjcr..). Srr

iDhramikasa

AlKAroY

Just (;/CTj.), for dhiirmikiisii.

Eiyameilasa

AIOMHAOY

Dianisiyasa

AIONYZIOY

Epadrasa

ERANAPOY

Evukratiilnsa or 1
Eukwtidasa )

EYKPATIAOY

T Gudapharasa or )
* Gadaphamsii j

(roNAO*APoY ».
I YNAOcl>EPPOY

m

Heliyakreyaaa

HAIOKAEOYZ

y

Heramayasa

EPMAIOY

Hiduja samt!

Jui=t to ttoBB born on the InJiiH.
Same U Bk. «iiiD«h («.-»0.
BendalL

Himakapieasft

OOHMO KAA*IZoY

Hipastratasa

innoZTPATOY

Jayadhamsft

NIKHfoPOY

Victorious (sim.').

Jaynmtnsa or }
Jayatasa j

Conqnaring; : a Becondary torma-
tion from the participle, oom-
men in aH Pralirita and ver- _^
naculan. BendnlL ^H

Jhoiksft

ZniAOY

fl

Jihuniaaa

ZEIUNIIOY

1

i ^

K.^

PSIPP

^^^P

kxi>-

IKIGODCCTIOS.

Mi..,

Greek equivalent.

Englisli rendering.

Kaliyapaja

KAAAIonH

Kaphma

KAAA*EI

Karisiyo nagara dc-
vata

Goil of tha city of Karia
CunningKam.

Kasusa

KAA*IS:oY

1

Kujiila or
Kuyuk

KOZOYAO or
KOZOAA

-;

Kushana or 1
Khusliana )

KOPON .»■ XOPAN

Kushan (tribe).

Lislnaa ct- Lisikaaa

AYIIOY

■i

Jfahacliliatrapasa

Satrap Qjm.).

Mahamjasa

BAriAEJlZ

King (gen.-).

Maharajabhrata or
Maharajabliraha

BAZIAEnZ )
AAEA<tiOX i

Brother of the king.

Mahatasa or J
Mahatakasa )

MEfAAoY

Great (gen.): Pali, mahanfc

Mahisvarasa

Great prince {gen.).

Meiiadi-asa

MENANAPOY

Jloasa

MAYOY

'

Nikiasa

NIKIOY

Paturaaa

nAKoPoY

Falanakraiuaea

Philasinasa or 1
Pliilasinasa J

EYEPrETOY
*IAOEENOY

Perhaps for Sk. pSlaEaksli
Diaea, ' ablo to protect' (yes
KiA not being a. Prakrit coi
bination of lattern, WB have n
been able to find an esamr
of it in Ariau Pali. Bendoll

Pratichliasa

Eni*ANOYZ

niuBtrionB : — for pratlltsliirB
ijen.l- BendnlL

Pntrasa

YIOY

Son (3.7,.).

^

INTRODDCTION.

^^^

Indian.

Greek equivalent.

English rendering.

Ilfljabalasa, Eaijija-1
biUasa, &e. )

PAIY

Kajawyasa

BAZIAEIIS 1
BAIIAEJIN i

King of kings (gen.).

Sachadhramalliiilasa

Steadfast in truoIfliv:-for entya.

Bagaba

Brother: — for aagarblio. Cnn-
ningham.

Bampriyapita
Barraloga ifvaniBa

To whom his father is Ten" dear.
Thin seema to be a renderinR
of tha Greek 0,J.oF«TLip. Cnn-
ningham.

PrinsB of all the world (fljn.).

Sasasa

Spalagadamasa

Bpalahorasa

Spaliriaasa

ZnAAIPIXOY

Stratasa

rrPATHNor

Btrategasa

General (j«j.), Greek -rrparvyi,.

1

1 Tbliphasa

THAE*OY

1 Theuphilasa

GE04.IA0Y

" TraJataaa

ZnTHPOZ

Sttvionr ; — porhapa for a Pi-akrit
nakartri. Bendall.

Vrisbabha

TAYPOZ

Bull.

Taviigasa or Tauiisii

ZAOOY

Yiiclil (gen.).

^

( Lsxvi )

COEEIGENDA.

Page OS, no. i, & p. 69, nos. 9, 10 — The object described in the text
as a whip over the king'3 shoulder seems to be merely the
falling ends of the regal diadema, greatly ex^gerated. On
the coins of Azea and succeeding kings this view is adopted.

Pl>. 103, 105 — The first letter in the name of (rondophares {J") is
transliterated sometimes as ga and aometimea as gu. It may
stand for either, or even gam

^ ■

^^H GREEK AND gOYTHIC 1

V KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDL ^
H J

E

wt.

MetaL

Obverae.

Revarae. 1 I

ANDRAG0RA8, KING OF PARTHIA1

B.O. cir. 300.

Gold.

Eufit of Zeus r., wearing
taenia; drapery round
neck.

ANAPAroP[OY Warrior r., in 1

quadriga driven by JSike, and 1
drawn by four horned horaes, \
galloping.

T >

1319

Jf -7

behind, Mf .

[PL I. 1.]

SHver.

Head of a City r., wearing
turreted crown.

ANAPAroPOY Pallas standing
i,, olad in chiton and peplos ;
holds owl in r., 1. rests on shield
which is adorned with Gorgon's
head ; behind her, spear.

2

255-8

^115

behind, Hf .

[PI. ,. 2.]

■

^

1

ORBEK AND 8OTTEI0 ZINGS C

AND INDIA.

S0PHTTE8, KING IN INDIA.
B.O. dr. 300.

Ilcnil of the king r., in

close - fitting helmet,
bound with wreath ;
wing on cheek-piece.

n section of neck, M .

Zn^YTOY Cock r. ; ahove, cadu-

[PL L 3.]

;:

wt.

Matal.
Sue.

Otverae.

Heverao.

DIODOTUS I., KING OF BACTRIA.

L

Eevolted dr. ao. 250.

k

(a) (?()/i.

i

Head of the king r., diad.

BAZIAEnZ Zeua striding to 1.,
AIOAOTOY hurling thunder-
bolt i aegis on 1. arm ; at his feet,

■^

130-3

W-75

to I, wreath. [H. i. 4.]

■ ^

128-3

.ff -75

., ,. [Pi I. 5.]

(^) Silver.

llead of the king r., diad.

BAZrAEnX Zoua Btridiag to L,
AIOAOTOY hurling thunder-
bolt ; aegis on 1, ana ; at hia feet,
eagle 1.

3

357-1

^1-15

to 1., wreath. [PI. i. 6.]

1 i

2557

^1-05

„ crescent. [PI. 1. 7.]

5
6

235-2
62-3

^1-

„ mon.

1 to I., M . [PI- I. 8.]

1

(7) Bronze.

Head of Zeus r., laur.

BA XIAEXIZ Artemis, clad' in
AIOAOTOY short chiton,
running r. ; holds torch in both
hands, quiver at shoulder ; beside
her, hound iimning r.

7

M-^5

* The gold cobfl bearing an
the Bjoiljola of wroath aud ap
are yiiry common, and all from

[PI. I. 9.]

elderly bead of Diodotua, aod on tho rorerea
onr-liea.1, ara rogardod u ttit^irw.a, TbbV

ft -AXD IHDU.

No.

Wt.

Matal.

0..^.

».„».

EUTHYDEMUS I., KING OF BACTEIA.

(8uccB3Bor of DiodotUB IL, dr. RC. 220.)

(a) Gold.

Head of the king r., diad.

BAIIAEnX Herakkn horfed,
EVeVAHMOY naked, ««« 1.
on lock ; ia r., dab, which also
leDtsonioflk.

1

129-

if -75

tol., W. [PI. I. 10.]

(J5) Silver; vtiddh-aged portrait.

Head of the king r., diad.

BAXfAEJlE Heiakle., hearfed,
EYeVAHMOY naked, .eated 1.
on rook ; in r., club, which also
rests on rock.

2

254'6

^1-1

tor., A. [PI I. 11.]

3

256-5

Jll-

„ ,.

4

244 2

-Sll-1

„ „; below, N. [LO, C]

6

258-2

Ml-

tol.rtJ. [P1.II. 1.]

6

232-5
255-

Ml-15
Mil

„ W. [I. 0. C. PI.IL2.]

^^^^^^^1

BUTHYDEMUa I., KINO OP BACTItlA. B

1

No.1 Wt

Metal
SUb.

ObveraB. Revarae.

Head of tlie kinf,- r., Jmd.

BAllAEfiZ Heraklee, bearded,
EVeVAHMOY naked, seated 1.
on rock, on which is spread lion's
skin ; in r. hand, clnh, which rests
on hia knee.

10

252-4

A 115

to r., f; . (traces of rock under club.)
[PI. .1. 4.]

11

2i9-

Ml-

„ „ (eemi-baibaious.)

12

186-5

Ml-

„ .,

(7) Silver; elderly portrait

Head of the king r., diad.

BAirAEnZ Hirakles, hmrfed,
EYeVAHMOY naked, seated 1.
on rock, on which is spread lion's
skin ; in r. hand, elnb, which rests
on hi. knee.

1

286-7

60-8

All
MQ5

to,., ft. [PI. ,,.5.]

|tor., Br. [Pl.n.6.]

1

ii) Bronze.

1.

Head of bearded Heraklcs
r.,bare.

BASrAEilZ Free hoi.e r.,
EYSYAHMOY prancing.

^-85

16

M-&5

[!. 0. C. PI. II. 7.]

17

M'85

[I. 0. C]

Head of Zens i-, laur.

BAilAEHi Free horae ,.,
EYeYAHMOY prancing.

v<

IS : .¥. -7

lot., JC. \\. O.C. \•\.^\.*^

QREEK AHD SOTTBIO KntOS 07 BAOTBU AHD DtDtA.

No.

Wt.

MotaL
Size.

ObTerao.

RQTeree.

DEMETEIUS, KIKG OF INDIA.

(Son and succeaaor of Enthydemua I.)

(a) Sile^.

Bust of the king r., diad.,
wearing elephant's scalp.

BAXIAEnS Young Herakles,

AHMHTPIOY facing; holds

in L hand, club and lion's skin;

with r. baud, crowns himself with

ivy-wreath.

1

259'5

^1-3

to l, ft . [PL n. 9.]

2

2607

^1-2

[I.O.G.J

3

263-

^1-35

., ♦-

4

220'2

MV15
(plated)

„ „ [LO.C]

5
6

235-5
61-

Ml-2b
JR-85

,, £i to T., A. (semi-bacbBrooB.)

tol., R. p. 0. C. PI. 11. 10.]

7

55 '5

JR-S

„ ^; tor.,®. [I. 0. C]

8
9

52-8
9-

JRd

(countermark : 2 , and
Herakles cKCwning him-
self.)

„ A.

(heaJ, not bust.)

toL, ft . [PI. It. 11.]

10

9'

JRo

J

^^^^^^^1

DEMETRI1J3, KING OF INDIA.

I

C^) -i

Bust of Herakles r.,
bearded, crowned with
ivy; lion's akin round
neck, club oTcr shoulder.

Gorgon-head, on round
shield.

Head of elephant r., beU
hung round neck.

BAZIAEnZ Artemis, rai^iate,
AHMHTPIOY facing, wearing
short chiton ; holds in 1. hand,
bow ; with r. hand, draws arrow
from quiver at her shoulder.

to I., 2 .

[I. 0. C. n. m. 1.]

BAZIAEilS Trident.
AHMHTPIOY

BAZIAEX2X Caduoeu3.
AHMHTProY

tol., 4>. [I. O. C. PI. m. 2.]

OBEBK AND SOTTSIO mXtOB OF BACntU AND INDU.

^

No.

w.

MetaL

Obverao.

Revei«o.

EUTHYDEMUS IL, KING OF INDU.

(Son and snccesBor) of Demetrius.)

(a) Silver.

Bust of the king r.. diad.

BAZIAEnZ Yomg H.»Heil,L
EYeVAHMOY taoing, ivj.
Clowned ; holds in r, liand, wreatll j
of iVy; in I. tand, club and licm'B 1
■Bkin.

1
2

2607
66-1

^-75

toL, ft. [H.m.S.]

t

toL,+.

3

63-6

platad}

.R-75

Head of Apollo r., laur.

„ „ [Pl.m.4.]

BAZIAEilZ Iripod-lebcs.
EYeVAHMOY 1

4

ns-2

NI'95

to I, 4. [PI..H5,] 1

(7) BronM'. If

Head of ApoUo r., laur.

BAXIAEflE Tripod-Ubc. t
EYGYAHMOY

5

^M

lol., *. [PI. 1,1. 6.) ,

^^BHHH

PANTiLEOK, KINO OF INDIA.

No

a,, Mow.

ObvBMO.

R„™.

PANIALEON, KING OF INDIA.

(So^i and BUCCOsBor 1 of Demetriua.)

(a) Nielcel.

Bust of young DionysoB
r., wearing ivy-wieatli ;
tbyraOB over shoulder.

BAZIAEIIZ PimUiei
nANTAAEONTOZ Vim

raised.

1

110-2

NI-95

tol., EYt

(|9) Brome, ruvnd.

liuEt ol young Dionysos
r,, wearing ivy-wraatli ;
thyrsoH over slioulder.

BAIIAEflE ranthet
nANTAAEONTOZ 1. ton

raised.

2

^-95

tol., A. [PI. 111. 8.]

(y) Brorm, square.

5 "8 T {RaJinePa^
takvasa*).
fA-aA,6 Female
ligurc; i. with long pen-
dants from her ears,
clad in oriental dress
with trousers ; holds in
her r. hand a flower.

BAXIAEiir Manolo«!li
HANTAAEONTOZ i« ii

squaie.

3

M-35

[H. ui. ».]

\

4

M 65

5

^■9

[1. 0. C]

lakon fron. the inficriptiona on tlio oolua-. soma oV ftui itm** *A^.**KE

Vi

stiiiDrmHl.

p

^V

}

GREEK AND BCTTHIO KING3 OF CACTRIA AND INniA,

..

wt.

MetaL

ObTBraa.

HoTersB.

AGATHOCLES, KING OF INDIA.

(Son and successor 1 of DemBttiua.)

(a) Silver; with portralU of his predecessors.

AAEEANAPOY
TOY <MAinnoY

Head of Alexnader as
Heraklaa r., in Uon's
akiti.

BASrAEYONToZ Zens seated
AFAeOKAEOYZ L on throne
AIKAIOY with back;
holds eagie and long sceptie.

1

251 ■:;

Ml-i

AlOAOTOY Hoiid nf
ZnTHPoZ UiodotuB
r., diad.

tol., R. [PI. IV. 1.]

BAXIAEYONTOZ Zens striding

AfAeOKAEOYZ to 1., hwriing

AIKAIOY thunderbolt,

aegia on 1. arm ; at his feet, eagle 1.

3

2G3-5

M\S

EYeYAHMoY nend

GEOY of Euthy-
dcmuf I. r., diad.

to 1., wreath ; to r., ^ . [PI. iv. 2.]

BAZIAEYONTOZ Herakles,

AFAGOKAEOYZ bearded,

AIKAIOY naked, seated

1. on rock ; in r. hand, club, which

rests on a rock.

3

261-2

M\-2

to r., ■*. [PL IV. 3.]

(^) Silver ; wilh his own portrait.

Ilust of the king r., diad.

BAZI AEX2Z Zeus, facing, clad
ArAGoKAEoYZ m himation ;
holds in r. liand, three-headed
Hekatc wlio bears two torches ;
in his 1. hand, long sceptre.

4

240'P

/Rl-2

toL, -4*. [PL IV. 4.]

1 "'••■'' / 1 tn-i'-o-] 1

KINO OF II4DIA.

Bust of Dionysos r., wear-
ing ivy-wi'eatli, thyrsos
ovor sLoulder.

(y) Nickel.

BAZIAEnZ F
AfAeoKAEoYZ

Ilia raiBcil paw.

to I., ■^.

[PI. IT.

[PI. IV. 7.]

Dust of

ing ivy-wreath, thyisoa
over shoulder.

BA£( AEn£ Panther r., toi
AFAeoKAEOYZ ingavine?

his raised paw.

tol., A- [I. 0. C. PI. IV. 8.

(() Bronzii ; square ; InlinijuaJ.

V ■ j» ♦! b Ahathu-
/lATV'i! t Meyasa).
Feniiile figure 1. with
lung pendants from her
tars, clad in oriental
drapery with trousers;
holds in hei r. hand a
flower,

BAZIAEn^ Maneleea lioi
APAeoKAEoYZ iD in<

square.

[I. 0. C. PI. IV. 9.]

OREEK AND 90TTHI0 KINOB OP HACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

SiM.

ObTorw.

Re.™.

(0 Bronze; square; hidian legend.

Omkreyasa). Buddhist
stiipa, aurmoimted by
star.

'd/yy-jr^ {Iliduja Sowf). Tree
in a square railed enclosure.

15

^■75

letteral in field. [n. iv. 10.]

ANTIMACKUS, KING OF INDIA.

(Descendant and successor of Diodotusi).

(o) Silver.

Bust of the king r., diad.,
wearing causia.

BASIAElir eEOY Poseidon,
ANTIMAXOY facing, wear-
ing himation and wreath ; holds
in r. hand, trident ; in 1., palm,
bound with fillet.

1

262'3

mi 35

tor.,®. [PLv. 1.]

2

260-5

^1-15

., „

3

252'3

A 1-2

., ft.

4

5

59-
31 6

^■8
J16

^■45/

[to r., ®.

|tor., H. [rLv.2.]

/ff / iogI

to v., t ■ LI- 0. C, PI. V. 3.]

BUORATIDES, SINS OF BAOTRIA AND I

267-2

256-5
261-

Ml-2
Ml-3

5^-7

5^1-25
/Rl-25

EUCKATIDES, KING OF BACTR AND INDl

(Contemporary of Antiochua IV, and Demetrius L of 8y
(a) Silver ; type, Apollo.

Bust of tho king r., diad.;
fillet -Ijordor,

BASlAEiiZ Apollo I., clad L.
EYK P AT I AO Y chkmys and
boots; liolds arrow and bow,

tol.,M.

[I. 0. C. PI. V. 4.]

[I. 0. C]

(borjui' of dots.)

|tol., Kl. [LO. C. 11 V. 6.]

w ;

Bust of tho king r., diad. ;
iUlot-bordor.

BAZIAEilZ Tho Dioscuri

EYKPATiaoY olidiaiug r.

holdiny long lauoos aud palms.

below, ft. [PI. V. 6.]

„ lAI . [1. 0. 0.]

p

■

M

W ti GREEK AND SCYTBIC KINGS OP BACTRLA AND INDIA. 1

No.

wt

Metal.

SiM.

ObTsrea.

Eoverae,

Bust of the king r., diad.,
and wearing helmet in
the shape of a cauaia,
adorned with ear and
horn of huU, and orest :
fillet-horder.

BAZIAEilS MErAAoY ^
EYKPATIAOY

The Dioscuri charying r., holding
long lances and palms.

;

8

261-2

^1-35

below ■+.

9

25B-2

^1-35

„ m ■ [PI. '. 7.J

10

269-6

.fll-3

„ W.

11

2S8-8

^1-2

„ Bl.

12

258-7

MI-S5

., ,.

13

258-2

MIS

„ 1A|. [PI. T.8.]

H

24i-5

dll-35

to I, 4* . [I, 0. 0.]

15

67 '5

^■8

below, ^. [PI. V. Q.]

16

62-3

.51-75

(border of dots.)

„ „

17

59-5

^■75

( .. )

„ N . (semi-barbarous.)

18

553

^■75

( -. )

to 1., W . (BAZI AEHZ written

ZlAEilZ). [I, O.O.] J

_/ / /

J

^M

EUCRATIDES, KING OF BACTBIA AND IKDIA.

I ^-45

i ^-45
i Ml
i ^-45
^■45
! M'irt
i /R'4

(y) Silver ; type, Filei of Di
Bast of the king r., diad.

BAZIAEnZ The pilei of

EYKPATIAOY DiDswri, la.

surmoutited by stars ; and t
palms.

below, ft' . [L 0. C]

,> 4",

.. w.

„ bH*- [I. 0. c. Pi.v. 10.]

„ „ [I. o. C]

[I. 0. C]

liuBt (it Uip king r., diatl.
anil liL-lmotcil.

BAZIAtaZ Sin
EYKPATIAOY

\\.»A-A

16

GRBEK AND BCTTniO K1N03 OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. 1

, No,

Wt.

Motal.

ObTsrae. Reverse.

(8) Brome; round; type, DioBCuri.

Bust of the king r., dind.
and helmiited : fillet-
bordor.

BAZIAEny MEFAAOY
EYKPATIAOY

The IJioscuri charging r., holding
long lances and pulaia.

31

-iE'95

below, PI, j

32

^1-05

\

33

-E-9

„ *■ [i.o. C]

34

^■8

„ ISl . [I. 0. C. PI. n 1.]

Similar.

Same iuscr. One of the DioBcun
charging r., holding long lance.

36

j^-6

[PI VI. 2.]

(t) Bwme i square ; Ujpe, Dioscuri.

BAZIAEnS MEfA-
AOY EYKPATIAOY

Bust of tko king r.,
diad. and lielmoted.

2 51 ':.~V {MiMraiam Em.

11'*l-i:7P' yritidma 0, Elt
h-dtidma). The Dioscuri chaigmg
r., holding long lances and palms.

36

iE-85

tol., Bj; tor., E.

[I. 0.0. PI VI. 3.]

37

^■75

[I.O.O.] I

38

^■9

J

^

L-si

^M

EUrBATIDBS, KINO OF EACTBIA AND INDIA.

BAZIAEilZ MErA-
AOY EYKPATIAOY

Biiat of the king r,,
diod. and holmctcd.

^■95
^■9

^

85

X

85

X

85

M

9

X

9

X

85

X

8

X

■9

X

■D

M-1

^

■65

M

■7

krdtidasa). Tl
r., holding lonf

[I. 0. C]

„ w.

„ *.

„ [^.

„ A.

„ "■

(.7fo>^).

„ I^-

[L 0. C]

f'-.A-

[I. 0. C]

,. *.

[I. 0. C. PI. VI. 4,]

QBEBK AND 8071010 KlMOfl OF BAOIIOA ASS INDIA,

No,

m.

Metal.
SiM.

Obverae.

HeversB.

BAZIAEilX MErA-
AOY EYKPATIAOY

Head of the king i.,
diad., without helmet.

X^^~V (Maharqjasa Evu-
1"X^7r:7/ kratidasa). The
pilei of the Dioscuri aurmoimted
b; stars, and two palms.

56

.E-6

57

^■6

[T. 0. C. PI. VI. 5.]

(0 Bronze; square ; ti/jie, Nike.

BAZIAEflZ MEFA-
AOY EYKPATIAOY

Bust of the king r.,
diad. and helmeted.

T^"^?:?/ hniUdam). Nike
h, bearing wreath aud palm.

58

^■65

tol.,*.

59

a: -75

„ „ [L 0. C. PI. VI. 6.]

60

^■7

Similar) (obscure coin).

Same inscr.) Nike r,, bearing wreath
and palm.

61

^■65

MEFAAOY BAZIA-
EHZ EYKPATIAOY

iiust of Uie kiujj 1.,

Same inscr. Nike r., bearing wreath
a.\\& palui.

^^^^^^1

HEUOCLEa AND LAOUICB.

►

(,) Sronz,

BAXIAEill MEFA
AOY EYKPATIAOY

Bust of the king r.,
diad. and helincted.

; square ; i'jpe^ Zeus.

nagara devaia'^*) Z ua 8 ated L

oa throne; hold w ath an 1 palm;

in front, forepa t f ! ] h nt r. ;

liehind, conical obj t

tor.. OC.

[PL VI. 8.]

EUCEATIDES, WITH HKLIOCLES AND LAODICE.
(Father and mother of Eiicratides.)

BAS1AEYZ MErAZ
EYKPATtAHZ

Bast of Eucratidf^s r.,
diad. and heliiieted.

(fUlet-bordet).

HAIOKAEOYZ Busts jugate r.

KA1 AAOAIKHE ofHelioclos,
witli liaiT! head ; and Laodico, diad.

lo !., lAI . (fillet-border).

[I. O. C. PI. VI. 9.]

• This is tha conjeoturiil reading of Qan, Cunningham, who interprets,
Hhegodof theeity of KariBi,' Those coins are BomatlniBa reetruok uijoul,^
money of ApoUoilotns : it soeros, however, not im^toViB.He ftiat 'ite.e'3 nw.-3
have been iseued after the death of Euoratidns. S« InUoawi'iAatt-

i^mipn^mmppii^^H

P^^^^^^^ GfiBraTAND 80TTBI0 KOTOS OF BAOIBIA ASD INDIA. ^^^^^B

No.

m.

MataL

SiE9.

ObTarse.

1

'

1

PLATO. B.O. 166.

(Conteinporary of Eacratides.)

(a) Si7uei'.

Bast of the king r., diad.

BAZIAEllZ Eni0ANOYZ

and wearing helmet

nAATHNOi; Helio. I., m-

adorned with ear and

djate, clad in chiton and cUamys ;

horn of bull, and crest :

in quadriga.

flUct-border.

1

249-

.dlI-3

i»r,M,i„ox,PMl.- [PI. VI 11.]
(year 147 of the Seleiicid era.)

1

1

1

' viflible, whioh BeemB to proTa limt a third letter esiatsd. | fl

^^^

rj

■

^■^■IHIHiHH^tl

^^™^"^

1

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Sins.

Obveree. Roieiae.

HELIOCLES.

{Son or brother of Eucratides.)

(a) Silver; Greek inscription ; Attic weight.

Bust of the king r., diad. :
fillet-border.

BAZIAEX2X Zeus, laur.,
HAIOKAEOYZ facing, clad in
AIKAIOY himation; holds
winged thunderbolt and long
sceptre.

1

261-2

^13

to 1., Iff. [PI. T„. 1.]

2

258-

iRl-25

„ „ [I.O.C.]

3

259T

A 1-25

„ S , [PI. VII. 2.]

4

249-8

.R115

„ f^.

5

246 6

Ml-i

in ex., nr.

6

240-8

Ml-3

to L, E . [I. 0. C]

7

205-1

A 1-05

„ A.

8

58-9

MS

in .X., nr. [PL VII. 3.]

1

9

56-7

MS

„ A or A .

10

56-8

MS

to 1., ISl . (inacr. tieTn\-W^\iMo%5.^^)

Vi.o.c:\

\

1^

^

r

r

1

22 GBKBK AND 8OTTHI0 KINGH OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA. 1

No,

Wt.

Mptal.

ObverBB. RoTeraa.

{P) Barbarous cqpiea in bronze. 1

Eudo copy of bust of
Helioeles r., diad. : fiUeU
border.

Barlarous degradation of —

BAIIAEnZ Zei^a, facing;
HAIOKAEOYS holds thunder-
AIKAIOY holt and long
sceptre.

u

^1'2

12

^1-1

[I. 0. C]

,3

^1'2

[r, 0. C]

(rcstruek on typo next describod.) ,

14

^1-1

Similar.

BAXIAEfl£ HOKO trotting 1.
HAIIAEYZ
AIIAIY

(vm.l). 1

15

^l-I

16

iEl-15

[I. 0. C]

17

Ml-l

[I. 0. C]

18

M-75

[n. v,i. 4 ]

19

M-7

20

M-7

[I. 0. C]

^^^^^H

34-5
3i-2
26-3

^'65
^■65

^■65

(Another Helioclbs)
(y) Siloer ; Indian inscription ; Persian u

BAZIAEHZ AIKAI-
OY HAIOKAEOYZ

Uust of the king r.,
diad. .

TA2'A**1'0 dhrm.

Hrli/jii/crci/asa). ZeuH,laiir,,faui
clad in himation ; holds wingea
thunderbolt and long sceptre.

tol., 16P. [I. 0. C. PI. VII. 6.]

to I., Z. [I. 0. C. PI. VII. 6.]

JK-85
M -85

BAZIAEnZ AIKAI-
OY HAIOKAEOYI

Huat of tlio king r.,
diad.

T A ^ A +1 /</ dkramikasa

Ileiii/akreijam). Elephant 1.

below, rW.

44

OKEEE AND 9CYTHI0 KINOS OP BAOTHIA AND INRIA,

No.

wt

MBtaL
Size.

ObvarsB.

Rererae.

BAZIAEni AIKAI-

T^S'JT^^.'^V (Mahanyasa

OY HAIOKAEOYZ

Bust of the king r.,
diad., bearded.

TAj^Aftl^ dhramikasa

Heliijalcnuasa). Elepliant 1.

28

M-%*

below, Z .

29

^■85

BAZIAEnZ AIKAI-
oy HAIOKAEOYZ

Elephant r.

above, ft. (inscr. ends iTg-M-^a).
£1. 0. C. PL VII. 7.]

Same inscr. Indian bull r.

30

.E-8

[I. 0. C. PI. VII. 8.]

31

^■95

to 1., W .

the reverse from previoua Btrikiag.

' /

A

ANTIALCJDA9.

1 ^-65

ANTIALCIDAS.

(a) Silver; Attic weight.

Bust of the king r., diad.
fillet-border.

BAZrAEUE NIKH<>OpOY
ANTIAAKtAOY Zeus, laur.,
seated 1. on throno ; holds in r.,
Nike, who bears wreath and palm;
in 1., long sceptre ; in field 1., fore-
part of elephant with hell round
nock, who raises his trunk.

tor., )?(. II. 0. C. PI. VII. 9.]
(^) Silver; Indian weight.

BAZIAEnS NIKH-
*0P0Y ANTIAA-
KIAOY Bust of the
king r., diaJ.

jayadharasa Amlialiki/iasa). Zeus
seated 1. on throne ; holds in r.
hand, palm and wreath; in 1,,
sceptre; to 1., small elephant up-
wanls, who grasps the wreath in
hia trunk.

, 101.

[PI. VII. 10]

Same inscr. Bust of the
king I , diod.

(king wears cauBiit).

Same inscr. Zeus seated 1. on throne;
holds in r. hand, Nike; in 1,, scep-
tre ; to 1., forepart of elephant, who
raises hia trunk.

Ijelow throne, /fl . (elephant r.)

tor, 101. „[I.O.C,]

Ijelow throne, IH • »

tl'\.vu.\\."\

OREIBH AND 80TTBI0 E

3 07 BAOTRIA AND INDIA.

^o.

Wt,

Size.

Ob versa.

Rsvem.

BAZIAEnS NtKH
<t»OpOY ANT1AA-
KIAOY Bust of the
king r., dinJ.

jiii/oiUiamsa Amtialikidaed). Zeua
seated J. on throne ; holds in r.
hand, Nike ; in L, sceptre ; to 1.,
forepart ot elephant, who raises
his trunk.

6

333

^■65

(king holniotod).

tor., |$|. (elephant r.)

7

34-5

^■7

>'

below thione, )?( . „

8

37-2

JR-65

tor., ft. „ [LO.C]

9

35-8

JR-65

"

„ „ (elephant facing).
[PI yii. 12.]

10

37-8

JR-GB

"

„ „ (elephant 1.) [I. 0. C]

11

37'6

m-65

(king wears causia).

„ ,.

12

37 '6

^■7

"

"[I.O.C."P!.vu. 13.]

Same inscr. Bust of the
long r., diad.

Samo inscr. Zona seated 1. on throne;
holds in r. hand, Nike ; in 1., scep-
tre; to I., forepart of elephant L,
who carries off the wreath of Nike.

13

36-5

^■6

(king weara causia).

below throne, 1^ .

14

339

MS

15

33a

M-55

lei. [PI.VM. H.]

ANTLA1X3IDAS.

1

(y) BroTUiei round,

BAZIAEnZ NIKH-
•foPoY ANTIAA-
KIAOY Bust of Zeus
r., with hand liurli""
thunderbolt.

vE'65
^■85

jayadharasa AwOa^ileidaaa). I
reate pilei of the I>ioscuri,
mounted by stars ; between f
two palms.

tor., )?(.

(h) JJrome; sqtiara.

BAZIAEnS NIKH-
4>opOY ANTIAA-
KIAOY ]:u.4ofZ™y

r., Iniru-lR'iiiii:.! ; Ihuu-

derbolt over 1, shoulder.

T"! ?A:1 Til 'l.~V (ifisa-

jayndharaaa AmliiiJ nddnsii). Lau-
ruate pi lei of the IJioscuri, eur-
luountud by stars j between them,
two palms.

tol., K; tor., Z. [Pi. viii. 2.]
„ 5i „ „

[I. 0. C]

„ 101

^■v»^.

38 QBEEK AND SCYTHIC SiNQB OF BACTRIA AKD INDIA, 1

T

No. Wt.

MeteL

Otverea.

Reverse.

BAirAEilE N1KH

0OPOY ANTIAA-

K1AOY Eust of Zeus
r., laur., witL hand hurl-
ing thunderbolt.

jayadhnrasa AmiialUcidam). Lau-
reate pilei of the Dioscuri, sur-
mounted hy stars; between thein,
two palms.

26

J3-75

tol., R.

27

^•-6

11 t(

28

^■7

.. ft.

29

M-1

„ „ [PL vm. 3.]

30

M-&5

Same inscr., blundered.
Aegis.

above, „

Same inscr,, blundered. Palm and
wreath.

31

«-85

below, lei. [1.0, C. PL Till, 4.]

/

/

/

/

.

■

1

■

■

H^^^^^^^bh^hI

Ko.

Wt.

MetuL

ObTorae. BerHrsB,

LYSIA8.

(a) Silver.

BAZIAEX2Z ANIKH
TOY AYXloY liuBt
of the ting r., diad.

TTj^'^ {Mdharajam
apadiJiatam Lidkasa). Young
Herakles, faoiiig ; holds in ]. hand,
club, palm, and lion's skin; with r.
hand cromiB liimBoM with vine-
leaves.

1

30-8

JR.-G5

to 1., 5 ; to r., 2 . [PI. \-m. 5.]

2

37-4

M-7

(king wears eleplumt'e
scalp).

„ „ „ „ {jjalm not visible.)

3

37-9

M-7

., » „ „ [LO.C. PLvni.6.]

4

34 'i

M-7

,.

„ W. [i.o.a]

5

36-

JR-7

.,

. ft-

6

33-5

jR-65

(king helmeted).

» ^> .. .,

7

36-4

JRG5

'•

,. )?(. (kiBg'B name written
T7**l,i«i><K«-) [Pi.»ln.7.]

(/3) Srotize; round.

1

BAZIAEnZ ANIKH
TOY AYZ[tOY Bust
(if bearded Herakles r, ;
tlub and palm over
shoulder.

apadijcaiasa Lisikasa). Elephant t^

8

-E-95

Wow,)^^. \.-E\,TOi.%:\

GllEEK AND BCYTHIO KINGS C

(y) Bronse; equara.

BAZrAE^Z ANIKH
TOY AVrioY Bust
of bearded Hcrakles r. ;
lion'a skin rounii neck,
and club over ehoulder.

T ^ '^ '*1 {Maharajaaa
apadihatusa Lisikasa), Elepliant

below, ^ Z. [PI. VIII. 9.]

above, R .
below, 101 ,

11 )?(■ (king's name written
"Xy^^i Lisiasa.)

4 M-G5
^■65

DIOMEDES.

(a) Stiver ; type, Dioscuri,

BAZIAEnX ZfiTH-
POZ AIOMHAOY

Bust of the king r., diad.

(king holmeted).

BAXIAEHZ ZnTH-

POS AIOMHAOY

ISu.^t of tht kiiij; i'., diud.

(kiiif; holniulDd).

y C;u/A "^ tradataga I

medusa) . The Dioscuri, fa>
holding lancea.

tor., ^. [PI. viii. 10.]

to 1., „ [PL viiL 11.]

; type, Dioscuri, mounted.

T^^XT^i^'^'-' {Mahar<yasa
T^'^A'^ tradalasa Diyor
meiiciMi). The Dioscuri, charging
r., holding long lances and palma.

below, 6^3. [PI. VIII. 12.]

[PI. VIII 13.]

(y) Bronze; ^tj'iare.

:-85

BAzrAEnz znTH-

POZ AIOMHAOY

The Dio3tiin, facing,
hulding lancca.

T'Ti\T:^^.~V (Makarajasa
r "nvL/ /V^ tradatasa Diya-
jiiedasa). Indian bull r.

below, 1^. [PI. VIII. U.]

„ zS.

M-7
> M6d

BAzrAEn:: aikai

OY NIKH<l>oPoY
APXEBIOY B«Bt of
the king r., diad.

T^5A:d T7'H'5 T:i%'^V

T A 41<^7 (Mahartyasa
dlij'amikasa Jayadharasa Arkhe-
biyaea). Zeus, facing, clad in hima-
tion ; holds long sceptre in 1. huid,
and hulls tlmnderbolt with

toL, rW. [I. 0. C. PI. IX.

. 1.] I

(king heLmeted).

BA£IAEn£ AIKAI-
OY NIKH^iOpoY
APXEBIOY Bust of
the king 1., diad., wear-
ing aegis and thrusting
with spear.

(king hehueted).

tor., e". [PI. is. 2.]

„ „ [PL IX. 3.]

T"i?A^ T^s'J T::1"i.~v

TA'+l*^? (Maharajaea
dhramikasa jayadharaea Arkke-
hijfasa). Zeus, facing, clad in hima-
tion ; holds long sceptre in 1. hand,
and hurla thunderbolt with r.

to 1., ^

[I. O. C. PI. IX. 4.]

.ft; tor., pf.

[L O. C. PI. IX. 5.]

(^) Srome; round.

APXEBIOY °iL 1^1 rA't]%7 (MiMraiaea

holding wreath and, dhramiltasa jayadharasa Arkhe-
palm. Uyasa). Owl r.

'.to

..rW.

[pi.>

AKi;UGiJiL:H.

(y) £ rouse ; square

BAZIAEnz AIKAI-
•Y NIKH*»P«Y
APXEBI.Y

Elephant r.

T"i>A^ TT'H'J T^^.'vV

T A "^^.y {Mdhdrajasa
•Ihramilaiaa ju'jiulhara«a Arkh:-
bujasa). Owl r.

below, Ml . [PI. IS. 7.]

„ rM. [I. 0. C]

F-«Pfiiiifffifff^

i"

No.

Wt.

Mutfll. „, 1
Size. Oliverflffl.

-

i

i

APOLLODOTUS I.

(«) Sihtir; rmnid; Attic weijhL

BAIIAEnZ AnoA-
AOAOTOY ZnXH

POZ ElepLant r., band
loimd body.

(MiihUrajasa Ajxiladatasa trada-
ta^a). Indian bull r.

1

31-i

^■G

[H. ,s. 8.]

2

30-8

M-G

[I. 0. C]

{^) Si7fer; sqmre; Indian weifjlit.

BAZIAEHZ AnoA-
AoaoTOY znTH

POZ ElephaBt r., band
round body.

IMiihitrajaiia Apaladatana trada-
t<aa). ludlMibulli.

3

37-9

^■65

below, fc.

below, A. (T'ni'Xininscr.)
[PI. 11. 9.]

4

37-8

M-&5

„ „

,. c.

5

37-8

iR-65

.. ,.

,, w .

6

37-7

jR-e

„ M.

„ A.

7

38-

M-6

„ „

„ „ [I. 0. C.J

8

36-3

MG5

„ A.

9

37-5

JR-G5

„ rt.

„ rt.

10

38-

M-65

„ w.

(0 on bull's bump.) 1

h

11

/

I

■ 37-9
16-S

m

^■6

/yR-3

■

„ „

[I. 0. C]

b.loir, SE. 1 [I. 0. C] ^M

"^^^■■^^^^^^H

APOLLOCOTUa 1. 1

■No.

Wt.

MotaL
SUfl.

ObTOrae,

HeTsree. 1

(y) Bronze; square.

BAzrAEns AnoA-

AOAOTOY ZnXH-
POZ Apollo, Iniir.,
facing; lioUa in r. hand,
nn'ow ; in 1., bow.

(Mahtlrajasa Apdtadaia»a Irada-
faxa). Tripod on stand, in square
of dots.

13

^■9

[PI. IX. 10.]

14

.S-95

[L 0. C]

1

15

^■85

...,«, 1

16

M-eb

tol.r+l.

I

17

^■95

■1

18

^■9

„ „ [i.o.c.]

I '^

^■9

!-

^■9

„ iff.

\.

^■9

.. 5- [I.O.C0

22

Ml-

„ ?.

1 33

^■9

„ l?|.

i4

^■75

„ „ \T\,it.\\."\ \

GREEK AND aCTTIIIO KINOS OF B&CTRI& AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Melfll.

ObyorsB.

RoverM.

BAZIAETIZ AnoA-
AOAOTOY ZnXH-

POX ApoUo, lauv.,
fiiciiiy:; holdri in r. liand,
arrow ; iu 1,, bow.

{Mahiimjma Apalatlaittsa IraJa-
tasa). Tripod on staml, in square
of dota.

25

m.-^

[I. 0. C]

26

^■85

to 1., El .

lo 1, E .

27

^■95

>. ..

„ „

■2t(

^E'9

„ IS.

„ n.

29

^■9

i»p, z.

30

^■9

.. EP(I)

31

^■8

lol., 1?. [I.O.C. PI. 13.12.]

32

^■7

tor., M.

33

^■7

(inser. blundered.)

„ „ [T. O.C]

34

^:-75

„ M.

35

yE-9

( „ )

„ „ [I. O.C]

36

M-1h

tol., „

37

^■65

( » )

to r., M .

38

^■7

„ eft.

(3) Bronze; eqmre ; perhaps of Apolhilohis.

rniliiiu bnll r., in square 1 Tripod, in square of dots.

■ ofdnts, 1 \

,39

yE-5

[I. 0. C. J'l. IX. 1.1 ] 1

^^^^^1

APOLLODOTua n., pniLoPATOit. 57 1

No.

wt.

Uatal.

Size.

Obvene.

-

APOLLODOTUS IL, PHILOPATOE.

(a) Sibmr.

BAZIAEnZ MEfA-
AOY ZnXHPoS
KAI <l>IAonATO-
POZ AFloAAoAO

TOY ISust of tlie
king r., diaii.

(Mnhan^a.ia imdatana AjMlada-
taxa). Pallas 1., holding in 1. hand
aegis, and with r. hurling thun-
derbolt.

1

128-5

Ml-15

tol., ^. [PI. s. 1.]

baziaehz znTH-

POS KAI *IAO.
riAToPoS ARoA-
AOAOTOY Similar
bust.

Similar.

2

37 -a

.^■75

tol, ^. [PI. i2.]

3

37-3

jR-65

to L, uncertain letter; to r, kC\.
[P1.X.3.]

4

361

M-7

tor„pp\. „i

5

3G-

M-7

„A. 1

6

36-8

M-7

„L.

BAZIAEnZ snTH-
POZ AnoAAOAO-

TOY Hiiiiikr bust.

Similar.

7

I

35-1

M-as

tol., ■^; tor., ■^.

L-

37 ■

1

M G

[I. O. C." PI. x. 4.] I

1

ASD BCYTHIO KIK09 OF BAOTBU AKD INDIA.

BAZIAEnZ ZnTH
Por AROAAOAO

TOY Apollo r., dad
in. chlamys and hoots,
holding witL both hands
an arrow ; a quiver at
bis ahoulder.

^1-25
^1-05

>.,*.

(^Maharajaga tradatasa Apcdada-
tasd). Tripod.

:>\.,J; tor., ^.

[PI. X. 5.]

(y) Bronze ; square.

BAZIAEilZ ZnTH-
Poi ADoAAoAO-
TOY Apolio fdcing,
clad in cbiamya and
boots ; quiver behind
shoulder ; holds in 1.
hand, bow ; in r., arrow,
which rests on the
ground.

(^Maharajasa tradatasa Apalada-
tasa). Tripod.

, 1| . [PI. X. 6.]

Same insor. Apollo r.,
clad in cblanjys and
boots ; holds with both
hands an arrow ; a
quiver at bis shoulder.

1 1., ^i to r., club.

(/an of coin round). [PI. x. 7.}

to 1., ^ ; to r., ^ .

(type within squaie of dots.)

tor, M.

[I. O. C. PI. I. 8.]

, PHI LOP AT OB,

BAZIAEnZ lilTH

POZ KAI *rAo-
RATOpor AHOA
AOAOTOY ApoUo
r., cliiil in chlamys and
boots ; liolda in t. hand,

(type within aquate of
lillet-pattern.)

{Maharajasc
iuaa). Xrip'

(type within square of
lillet- pattern).

BAZIAEHE SnTH-
POZ KAI ^lAO-
HATOpoS AnoA
AOAOTOY Similar

{Maharajofia iradatam Apalada-
ia^a). Tripod.

[PI. 1. 9.]

ISimilar tjpo, within
squiirii of iilIe^p(ittem.

{MaJiarajaia iradatasa Ajmlada-
laaa). Diadema,

■ 40 GREEK ANU BCYTtllC KINGS OF DACIKIA AND INDIA. 1

¥

wt..

MetaL

SiM.

Obverse.

ReTBras, 1

1

STEATO I. '1

^

(u) S<7i;d^.

BAZIAEiiS Eni*A-
NOYS ZflTHPoZ
ZTPATflNOS

Bust of tJie king r.,
diad.

pralkhhasa tradatasa Sti-ataea).
Pallas L, holding with 1. hand aegis,
and with r. hurling thunderbolt.

1

2

133-3
31-3

^1-05
AL-7

(kiDg wears helmet)

tol., Ep. [PI. I. 10.]

to 1., ^ .

3

36-2

M-7

„ Rt. [P1.X. 11.]

4

33'3

M-&5

BAZiAEnr xnxH

POZ ZTPATiiNOZ

EuHt of the kiuy r., diad.

T'n 2 tradatasa Stra-
iasa). Similar type. 1

5

35'8

Ml

(king helmeted.)

tol., 1$!. [PLx. 12.]

6

35 '5

M-6

„ I; tor.,^^,

(semi-barbarous.)

7

37 '6

M-en

[1. 0. C. PI. X. 13.]

8

35-4

M-6

„ ^; „ „ «. „

9

t31-4

M-ii

.... PONOZA

ii.st.-. . . . NOZ

^. „

[PI. J. 14,]

10

32-2

Ai OS

- UrtfAit, ,,r.icli.M.iM,.

„ -X.; „ „t. „

[I. 0. C]
^laat line of iiiscr. pa<Jaijasltam )). d

^ / / / f rhi- i. .n. ot til. cin.

.UiUOtiiuus wruagly givon io att miagii^^^^|

M -OS

\.v.:
!
■ m -0

BAZfAEnZ znTH
POZ AIKAIOY
ZTPATHNOZ

Bust of tiiG king r,,

tradatasa dli vea btrau.

Pollaa r., lioldmg m 1. hand ae
and with r. hurling Ihimderbol

Itoi.iei.

[PI, XI. 1.]

O) Bronze; roiirul.

BAXIAEilE EnitA
NOYZ ZnTHPOZ
ZTPATilNOZ

Bust of A|in]lu r., lauT.;
hiir in quuiKi.

(.,) Bm

T'n^ {Mahi'irajaaa

in-atichhana trcfJalama Stratana).
r.oM' aiul quiver, with strap.

xqiiai-e ; liji"', Apollo.

BAIIAEnZ EHKDA- T^IX TY^^ T^"l'^'='

NOYZ ZnTHPoZ

ztpathnoz

A|M.!I„, f;u-ini;iliL.|.l&ill

1-. LiLnil, ;iiiw; in 1„
liuw.

T'ni? {Muhurajana

■/ifaticliliasu Irwhilana Slratasa).
Tripud-lobt's, ou atiuid.

/Z^jtor,. ft.

[I. u. c, ri. XI. 3.]
rfl. [1. o. c]

\ ; to r., ^ au.l uw

GREEK AND SOTTHIO KINOS OF BACTEIA AND INDtA,

(S) Bronze; square; tijpe, Nike.

BAZIAEilZ ZnTH-
POZ ITPATilNOZ

Huat of beariJed Hera"
kles r. ; over shtiiilder,
club bouEd with tfienia.

(MalnlrajdH'i Iradatasa Slratasa).
Nike r., holds wreutli and palm.

tor., lei, [I. 0. C. PI. Ji. 1]
„ I. [I. O.C.J

BAZIAEI2Z inTH

poz aiKAroY

ZTPATONOZ

SimUar type.

T'^2 {MaJiaToJasa

Iradalasa dhmmikasa
Similar type.

to ..,101.

[PI. I.. B.]

AGATnOCLEIfij WITH STBATO.

•^

AGATHOCLEIA, WITH STRATO.

BAZIAIZ^iHS eEO

TPonoY AFAeo
KAEIAZ Bust of the
Queen r., liebu tiled.

t;^4'5 T"i^\ T:i^'v^

tradalam dhramiiiOita Strataaa),
Herakles soiited 1. nii rock ; holds
in r. hand, cinb, which rests on
tnee (type of Euthjdemus).

to 1., lOr .

[PI. XL 6.]

[I. 0. C]

»

A GREEK AWB WJTTHIC EDTOfl PT SACTTOft AFP I?mT4. ^

-| w. j --

Oiiraiw. iBPTBTHi.

\

MEKANDEE.

(a) SV/'!<-/-,

bahaehz zhth
poz menanapoy

Bust of ibe kiniT r , iliaf],

*5«/7). TaUaE L, Lc.Wing in L
hand aiigie, Knri wilii t hnding |

1

lftO-9

J1103

toUIifct.W. [LO.C]

1

2

148 6

Ml-

. . „ -

3

U9-

Ml-

, W. [n. n. 7.]

4

U2-7

Ml-

(kingbdmSiBd).

., .. „ I. [LO. C]

fi

]49'8

Ml-1

-

„ „ „ ,. [PL XI. 6.]

6

381

M-e

(kin^ IieliDetied).

t.t.E.

7

37- Jl-7

-

» W-

8

37 S M -7

-

. It.

9

34-8 -51 -6

lot, „

1

^^^^^1

rol MENANAPOY -i,X, flj

ii,„>ju,.ju«s...a»i ,,,,J;^.^ _ „^

hand aegie, luiu wi&i X. 3k
ibimderl'olt.

toi.-*.

aj-8

A '7

(titiB lidhniSea).

57*

M-7

3B-
34-6

33-C^-T

•A'-f. M-~

V.'-iJB '7

;;- JB-K.

»■) 1 M Tr-

i:Tr*,i^

:<i.

.-11 '(iri

p. 11^ C]

tor., „
„ RH.
„ «.

till., &,

,. . t.r,W.

[r;.x,. Id]

r

46 GREEK AND 8CTTHI0 K1K019 OF BACTBIA ASD 1S11IA. " 1

No.

Wt.

Metnl.
Sizo.

ObTersB.

Rorerao.

BAZIAEfiZ ZnTH-
POZ MENANAPOY

Bust of the kiog r,, diad.

y\Z'^ trddatasa Mena-
drum). Pallas 1,, holding in 1,
hand ncgis, and with r. hurling
thunderbolt.

26

3G-3

M-G6

to I., )?{; tor., r. [L 0. C]

27

39'

Ml

.. 1. ,. E.

28

38-3

.^■7

„ Z; ., )?(-

29

38-

.^■75

tor..|$i.

30

38-7

M-7

Same inscr. Bust of the

Similar.

■

king 1., wearing aegie
and thrusting with

spear.

31

36-6

M-7

lol.,)«.

32

37-!

At -65

toi., M.

33

37 '3

M-55

„ Nt.

34

37-8

10.

M-7

4? -T^

Nl

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H

ME.SANUEB,

1

BAZIAEnZ ZliTH
POE MENANAPOY

Bust of t!ie king 1,, wear-
ing aer;ia and thnistiiig
with spaar.

37'
37-7

I M.-7

yR-65
^■7

5 ^'63

dram). Vail a r., holdin(,
hand aegis, and with r. hi
tiiuudeibolt.

tol.,41.

„ m.

[I. O. 0. PI. II. II.]

,. M.

(fi) Broiizi: ; nqiiare ; with portrait.

BAZIAEilZ ZilTH-
POZ MENANAPOY

Ilii.it of Wm king 1.,
diud., wearing aegis
and thrusting with
spear.

T"1^'T.T^'1.~V {Mnharajasa

T-W^ Iradala^a Mena-

(Irilm). Palliis r., holding in 1.

hand aegis, and with r. hurling

thundetholt,

tor., ^.

L. \\-V\.>^, VV*.vV*A

»

48

GREEK AND BCYTHIO KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIi. 1

No.

Wt

K- O""'-

B..™.

(7) Bronze ; sqvars ; with head i:J PalUu.

BAlIAEnZ ZIJTH-
Po£ MENANAPOY

P.iist of Pallas r,. wear-
ing crested helmet.

T \t*^ trailalatu Mma-
dram), Hot^e t., praneing.

47

^1-1

below, |$| .

Similar.

Same inscr. Nike r. ; holds wreath
and palm. .

48

^■3

to ,., k. . [1. 0, C]

1

49

^■8

„ ^. [I. 0. C. PI. XI. 13.]

50

Ji-75

„ E-

51

/E-85

„ l®l.

52

M-l

» »

53

M-a

„ W.

64

.-£■7

„ „

55

^■8

„ w.

Similar.

Sauie inscT. Kike !. ; holiJa ivreatli
and palra.

56

M~b

tol., i^; Uir., B. {1.0. C]

57

.•E-8

„ ^; „ „ [Pl.sii. 1.]

^^^^^1

^^™^"^

1

No. Wt.

Mutnl.

Hbvoi-ea.

Reverse.

\

BAZIAEiiZ ZilTH-
POZ MENANAPOY

Bust of Pidlas r., wear-
ing crested helmet.

{MOhiimJa^a t^adatasa Metia-
'IrUsa). Romid buckler; Goigon-
hoad in the miibt.

S9

-E'85

below, M . [I'l. XII. 2.]

F

^■85

„ (M.

Sl

^■85

lol., M.

i

89

*;-9

„ „ [I. 0. C. PI. XII. 3.]

Similar.

Same inacr. Owl r.

63

«'8

to r., lei . [I. 0. C. PI. xii. 4.]

(S) Bronze ; i^quare ; Apolline types.

BAZIAEilZ ZflTH-
POZ MENANAPOY

Os-boad, facing.

{Mdhdrq/asa fradatasa Maia-
drasa). Tripod- lebe3.

(

64

MS

toi.,ft.

66

JE-S

66

MS

„ VJ ; to r., I$l . [PI. XII. 5.]

^

k

_^^

n

t

lO OUKRK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTKIA AND INDIA. 1

No.

wt.

MataL
Sue.

ObvarsB.

RBverBB.

^

1

j ■' (') Bronze; sij'iaro; HerakJeian ii/peg.

BAZIAEflE rnTH-
POZ MENANAPOY

Elyphimt'ri Iioad r., bull
round iiutk.

T.1.tU'71i.'vTai.~v

^Miihih-ajafa trMatasa Mena-
driim). Club upwaida.

G7

JE-m

toI.,|$|; tor., A.

68

-^■55

[ri.x,,. 6,]

69

^■6

„ A; „ *l.

70

M-6

[I.O.C]

71

M-5^

l,clnw, A.

lor.,r.

72

M-55

.. O-

„ *.

(Q Bronzo; square; type, wheel.

BAZtAEflZ SnTH-
POZ MENANAPOY

Whoel.

TM^ T^l^A 2il"1~v

i^Maharajasa trudaiasa Slena-
draea}. Palm.

73

JK-5

to r., mon. [I. 0. C. PI xii. 7.]

{.,) £<vm«; «5/«l)'e; mthi!thhKa.i6^.

BAZIAEnZ ArKAI-
•Y MENANAPOY

Pallas I., holds patera I
and epear, against whicli
IcLiiis j^liii.*]d.

{Mahurajasa dhramikam Mena-
drSm) Maneless Indian lion L

^L 1 -F -85

Ijoluiv, ^ . ^fl

BAZIAEAZ
♦OPOY EflAr /

Nike advancing i. , uuids
wreatli and jKilm.

KPANliER.

(Mfiharajaga jai/cvlharaea
dmsa). luJjaii bull r.

Lclow, l£ R: . [I. O. C. PI. XII 8.]

D10NYMIU.S.
(a) 8ih-er.

POS AIONYZJOY] yAl^-9?^ fm?a/a«»

Dianisiijam). Pallas 1. ; holding
in 1. liaiiii, acf,'i3 ; nriil witli r.,
hurling thuiidi.'i'l-'olt.

:,i tljo

■., diad. I

[1. U. U. Pi,

1.9.1

{^) B,v

POZ AlONYSIoYi (Maharojfua trwlalam Dianm-
A]".>llui-.,di,.Uiiclil..i.iys ,,,y„). Tripod.
lUidhuoU; hi,lU=>inbullj; '
hundsnn arrow; a cjuivei*
Ilk biLuk.

^;l..,., rt. [I. I i.e.]

I

^V^iV^'^^V^H

sa n».„ „-, .„,B,c ™o, 0. ...™u «„ ^

No.

Wt.

MBtaL
Biza.

OWo..

Reverae. Y

ZOILUS.

{a) Silver ; with title lutauk.

BAZIAEHZ AIKAI-
OY zniAoY Bust
of tlie king r., dkd.

{Maharajasa dhramil'osa Jlidi-
lasa). Heraklea facing, crowned
with ivy ; holds in r. hand, wreath;
in I., chib and Kon's skin.

1

37'4

^■7

iol., 4^. [PI. XII. 10.]

2

38-5

^■65

., 1^. [I.O.C.]

(^) Silver ; wit/i title crtunjp.

BAZIAEnZ SHTH
POZ iniAOY Bust
of tLe kiug r., diad.

T«1f^1 tradalasa
Jhoilaaa). Pallas L ; holding in
I hand, aegis ; and with r., hurl-
ing thunderholt.

3

34'8

-^■65

to 1., ?■ ; to r., ■^ .

[I.O.C. Pi. XII. U.]

4

37-4

/B.65

Z in inscr.

,. ^; „ .. [I.O.C]

5

37'6

^■8

.,

„ >f; ,. „

6

36-6

^■6

„ T; „ ^^.

1

7

34'4

M-7

■'^ .

8

38 2

Al-7

„ :sPi. [I.O.C]

} // / 1 [

(y) Bronze ; round.

BAXIAEAZ ZnXH-
POZ lUIAoY

Apollo r., clad in chlamys
and boots ; holds in both
bands an arrow; a quiver
at his back ; in field L,
Bra all elephant.

Elephant r.

BAZIAEflZ mTH-
PoZ iniAOY

Apollo r., clad in chlamys
and boots ; holds in both
hands an arrow; a quiver
at his back.

to 1.. ^ .

f'^^Xy^^'^^ (MaAaraJasa

JliiiUajfaj, I'ripod.

tol., ^; tor., 7. [PI. xii. 12.]

Similar.

to I., ^; to r., 7- (double-struck).

(Maharajasa tradatasa JhdilaBa).

toL, "Y; tor., ^. [PLsii. 13.]

\,

APOLLOPHANES.

BAZIAEnZ ZllTH-
POZ AnoAAo^A-

NOY (tde) Hust of
the king r., lielmetod ;
diadem tied round the
helmet.

(a) Slh-m:

T^'nX'T^^~'-' (MahamJaKft
T S 7^ "i lA 7 tradatasa

Apidaphanasa). Pallas 1. ; hold-
ing iu 1. hand, aof^dB ; and with r.
hurling thunderbolt.

[PI. XIII. 1.]

[I. U. C]

ARTEMIDOEUS.
(a) BiV7lF.e ; squai'P..

BAZIAEilZ ANI-
KH[T0YAP]TEMI-
AilPOY Artemis,

facing; holda in 1., bow,
and with r., draws arrow
from quiver at her back.

"f ^"nvp^it? {Mi/iarqjam
npadikatana Arimiuiui-asa).
Humped bull r.

below, .

[PI.

37-6 -
37-5

37-8 -

38'.1 ,

ANTIMACHUS II., SICEP]
(a) Sih-^r.

BAZIAEAZ NIKH-
♦OPOY ANTIMA-

XOY Nike 1. ;
pftim and vrreath.

to 1., 4^ .

^65 „ 1^.

3S'3 .
3C'7 .

{Miiharajasa Jai/adhara^a
makhasa). The king, ¥
cttnm'a, diadvia, and cldanija,

[PI. XIII. 3.j

[I. 0. C]

[I. 0. C]

BAirAEnZ NIKH-
•JOPOY ANTIMA-

XOY Ai-i., : 111 iLf
luiil-t, f;.,i-.>n-li^lld.

(Miih(iraja-^a I'di/wlharana Amti-.

p

6 GHEES AXD 8CTTHIC KINGS OF BALTHIA ASD V^BIA.. V

1

^o.

w. Metal.
Wt- Size.

ObvorsB.

- 1

1

PHILOXENUS.

1

(a) Silver i round.

f

BAZIAEnS ANIKH-
TOY «t>IA0HEN0Y

Bust of tho king r., diad.

y^lf^-H (MiUmjm
apadihaia»i PhUaainasa). King,
helmeted and diail., on horseback
r. ; horse prancing.

1

151 '4

mi-05

helow, * . (0 for "] in in.cr.).

2

150-8

.ftl-2

„ M. [Pl.sm.6.]

3

U9-

^1-05

(king hclmeted).

„ Z H. [Phxiii. 6.]

(p) Silver; square.

BAZIAEnZ ANIKH-
TOY *IA0EEN0Y

Bust of the king r., diad.

7t;1"i^* {Mahiraiaa
apadihaiasa Phila'sina^. King,
iielmeted and diad., on horsettack
r. ; horee prancing.

4

36 '8

M-6b

below, )$(. [I.O. C. Pl.xm.7.]

5

33-3

M-G5

„ Z H. [I. 0. C]

6

35-

M7

„ lei.

7

27-3

M-G

(king helmetcd).

„ ft. [10. C. Phmi.S.]

S

25-

M-7

"

„ a. (plaW). 1

9

26-

jR-e

„

„ )«. „ (I.9.C.I.

^

■

■1

• SomotiiuoB lu fui- I.I. ^^M

w

■

I

■

^^^^I^^B^l^^H

M -8

JE-H
,F,
JE-8

(y) Broma; gqJiare.

BAZtAEHE ANIKH Tl^^A? f^^^V

TOY <-IA0EEN0Y Tc*r i^ /«■-*;

SuD-god, facing, radiate, J^^ \^ 9^"^

clad in chiton, himation, ^i^^f 'jf "*« - ,«;tt«««a«a).

and boots ; he ,. '"■ • ^"'^^ ""^^^ ^'^ P^'"'
hand long scopiro ;
extended.

to r., 101 .

[H. J

■anie inscr. A City 1. ; in
1. hand comncopiae ; r.
extended.

„ T . [1. 0. c. n. XIII. 10.] :

[I. 0. C]

GtlEEK AND e

f BiOTHlA AND INCIA.

(a) Sronze; sgnare.

BACfAEUJC CliITH-

PaC NIKInY Heati
of the king r., diad.

(Maharajasa or Maharaijasa tra-
dalasa Nikiam). King, diad. and
wearing chlamye, on horseback
hotse prancing.

[PI. XIII. 11.]

BAZIAEnZ znTH
POZ NIKIOY

Similar head.

(Mafiarajasa iradatam NiMaaa).
Dolphin twined round anchor.

[PL xiii. 13.]

H HIFF0SIRATD3.

No.

wt.

Metal.
SLzo.

Obverse.

Boverae.

'

HIPPOSTKATUS.
(a) Silver; type, City.

BAZiAEnz znxH-

pdz mnoZTPA-

TdY Boat of the king
r., diad.

T ^ 2 h'i' tradatwia Hipa-
slratasa). City L, wearing mo-

piae ; r. advanced.

1

UG-

^1-1

tol., ^; tor., 7. [PI. XIV. 1.]

3

1477

Ml-15

' .-

{p) Silver ; type, King on horselack. 1

BAZIAEiiZ MErA-
AdY ZflTHPaZ
innDZTPATDY

Bust of the king r., diad.

T^.~^ r^^\ T^'-l'VW

(Maha^iijoiia tradaima mahatasa
jayamtaaa Hipaetrata^a), King,
diad. aiid helmeted, wearing
ciilamys, on liorseliaek r. ; liorae
prancing.

3

139'5

Ml-2

below, $.

4

147-

.RM

tol., Vi top., ®; below, -ll.

[PI. XIV. 8,]

6

6

144-

34 '6

Al-05
^■75

77.

[I.O.C]

1 tol., V; tor.,®; below, Jf .

tPI.siv.3.]

SimUar.

Simikr, huree walking.

7
J 8

143-2
144-8

^11

^105

lol,, V; tor.,®; below, S.

[Pl.aY.4.]

1 »

>

143-

vRM

„ "^ ■ \

BACTKIA AND INDIA.

Ml-

BAZfAEnZ ZHTH

pdz innarrPA

Toy Bust of the king
r., diad

T'l.A'y T1"Tv T^"1~vj

T^Z/j'f' {Maharajam
tradatasajaijamtasa Hi'pastralasa).
King, diad. and helmeted, ■wearing
chlamys, on horaebaok r. j horse
prancing.

below, 1

[I. 0, C. PI. xiv. 6.]

(y) Bnn

BAZIAEilX ZilTH-

poi mnoxTPA-

TOY Triton, facing,
his body enJing in fish's
tails; holds dolphin and
rudder.

(_Maliarajam tradatasa Hipastra-
taaa). City 1., turreted ; holda in
1, hand, palm ; r. advanced.

to 1., J ; to r., 7. I

[I.O. C. PI. XIV. 6.]

Sameinscr. Apollo r., clad
in clilnmys; holda arrow
in both hands ; quiver
at shoulder.

Same inscr. Tripod.

tol, ^ ; tor., ?. [Pl.siv. 7.]

Same inscr, Pallas, hi
meted, seated 1.
throne ; holds in
taenia ; in 1 , spear.

T1.AV T^"l\ T-yi~"

r\in'^ {Maharajasa
t radaiasa jayamtasa Hipaet raiasa).
Horse 1., in square of fillet^pattem.

[I. 0. C, PI. sjv. 8.]j

\ „

T^M'7 TIJAil 7i)"1

(^Mdharajasa jayadhara^a
tana). Pallaa L ; holding ..
lionii, aegis; and with r. huriiiit;
thunderbolt.

[PI. su'. 9.]

(_M,<h^.«ja<,a ja,j<ull.Hnm, Ami-
tasa). Z(!ua seated 1. on lUronoj
in r. hand, Miko ; in 1., palni and
soeptre.

[I. 0. C. n. siv. 10.]

{Mfiharcijasa jayuilharu^a. Am
tasa). Pallas standing 1., her
hand advanced ; in her 1., Bpear
and shield.

\l.Q.*i. "?\.-*-w.W\

2

62 OREES AND BOTIEtO KUtOS OP BACTRU AKD INDIA.

No.

wt

MeUl.

ObTBrae, RoTorse. i

HEEMAEUS. |

Ca) Silver.

BASIAEnr ZilTH-
POZ EPMAIOY

Bustofthokingr.,diad.

{Mdharajasa tradatam Herama-
jfiwia). Zeus, laur., seated 1. on
throne with back; liia r. hand
advanced j in his 1., sueptre.

1

150-7

^l'

tor., 5?. [1. 0. C. PI.xv. l.jl
1

2

118-6

Ml-

...

3

Ui-I

MV

,.»,

i

U3-3

iRl'

„ PI . [I. 0. C. PI. XV. 2.] '

5

35-4

^■65

lo r., Cfi.

6

34-7

^■65

„ „ [I.O.C,]

7

33-8

^■65

„ ^.

8

33-

^■65

.> ..

D

36-

yR-65

„ *.

10

36-

M-7

„ ■?!.

^^^^^^1

BAXrAEnZ znTH-
POZ EPMAIOY

liiist of Ike king r., diaii,

32

34-5

37 3

35-

36-3

37-5

^■6
^■65
^■65

^■6

\

HO-G
H4'6

3i-9>

29 '4:^

Mil
Ml

(Mdharqjasa tradatasa Herama-
yasa). Zeus, lain., aea,ted 1. on
throne with Lack ; Ids r. hand
advanced ; in his I., sceptre.

to r., ftfl .

.. „ [I.O.C]

toi..iep.

„ M; tor., iS. [I. 0. C]

BAZIAEnZ znTH-
PaZ EPMAIdY

Similar typo.

tol., HI; tor., ffl <;.

[ri. IV. 4.]

i

I to 1., El i to r.
1 ■, ^■

BAZIAEilZ ZIITH-
POZ EPMAIOY

Bust of the king r,,
diad. and helmcted.

,to\., ^.

\\!\.-S.N.'o:\

\

GREEK AND SOYTniC KINGS OF BACTnU AKD IKDIA.

No.

Wt.

MetuL
Size.

OljTOrflo, EeverBB.

>i

(^) Sronze; ro?tnd ; with portrait ■ fl

BASIAEnZ znTH-
PdZ EPMAIdY

Bust of the king r.,
diad.

{MaharajtMa tradatasa Herama-
yam). Zeus, laur., seated L oa [
throne with back ; bia r. hand j
advanced; in Wa I., soeptre. i

25

^■95

tol., ^; tor., 5.

26

^l'

„ „ , uncertain Indian letter. <
[LO.C. PI XV. 6.]

37

.E-D5

„ „ „ uncertain Indioa letter. |

28

^■85

., „ ,. T [1. 0. c] 1

29

^■95

„ ^ „ uncertain Indian letter.

'

30

^■9

„ „ „ M*. [I. 0. C]

31

^■95

,. ,. .. 'V.

32

^1-05

» „ ., ,.

33

^1'

>, „ „ 7?.

34

it; '95

„ ,. „ ,.

3S

.E'95

„ „ „ H*.

^^^^^^^B

BAZIAEIII ZnTH
Pn£ EPMAraY

Bust of the king r..

{Mdliaragasa
yaaa). Zeu;
tLroue with

ced; ir .is

., eceptre

;tor., 1.

[10

„ 'i-

„ 7.

..

; to r., f .

„ 7.

[I. 0. C]

„ f.

[PL IV. 7.]

; „ 1.

[I. 0. CO

md: ZV .'mTM offer I[n]THPOZ.'

BASIAEXIS ZTH

PDs: zv epmaidy

Bust of the king r,, diad.

/I I

7 A «-* *! -o *f ^ ~ ^j T ^^ '^w

{Maharajasa mahafasa Hsrcana-
yasa). Type as 1 ' '

iifier, various. Kiko 1,; holds wreath
and palm.

to r., S .

r coins wilh tha samo Db^Qtan TOw.TSv'iiiQ'i •-^'^ V3V>^'°**'*'^™-'^'^'*^
verao tlio nima of KadpMapa unA 'ihe ^.yso iil"a<sn!!»Xi»-,'«»'^''-
aong the eoins oi KadpViHeB 1., V.\d«. .^

—

--^""

66 GHEBK AND 80YTHI0 KINGS OP BiCTRIA AND IKDIA. ^^^|

No.

Wt.

MaUL

sue.

ObverM.

HeTBTBa.

(S) Bronee; eguare; without poriraii.

51

^■8

BAZIAEnX ZnTH-
POZ EPMAloY

Bearded malo bast r.,
radiate, wearing Phry-
gian cap.

(MdJidrqjasa Iradalasa Rerama-
yana). Horse r., trotting.

below, m.

i

62

^■75

,, »

1

53

^■75

„ *. [LO.C.]

54

^■75

.,

65

^■75

„ „ [L 0. C. PI. XV. 8.]

HEEMAEUS AND CALLIOPE.

'

(a) Silver.

BAsrAEns rnTH-

Po£ EPMAlOY KAI
KAAAloriHi: Busts
jugate r. of the King and
Queen, both diad.

AhA^]l (Maharajasa
iradatasa Meraviayasa EaHya-
paya). King, belmeted and diad.,
r. on horseback J horse prancing,
bow and laace on Ma back.

:'

1

36'2

^•65

below, ^. [PI. XV. 9.]

2

33'2

^■G

„ „ [LO.C. PI.xy. 10.]

\

^^^^^^^B

3G-6
36-4

M-B5
M-55

M-56

30-8 1 '5

"RANJABALA.
(a) Silver.

BACIACI BACIA€

toe CWTHPOC
PAIY Bust of til
king r., Jiaii,

T^T^i^A 7 {Apralikala-

chluitrapasa Eajabulasa). Pallaa
1. ; holjing in 1. hand aegis, and
with r., hurhng thunderbolt.

tol., 3"; tor., ?. [PI XV. II.]

Blundered i
type.

(both sides blundered).

(inscr. BA MOC-

CWTHPOCPA ).

Afta . . , chakrasa Rajahulasa)
Same type.

to 1., ^ ; to r., ."-'. [PI. XV. 12.]

{name, Tr-|iJ^T,i?am>
bvlaea).

~i „ 1 £■

(Ccr., . . . TAZT~"
mahackhatrajKim, &c.)

CaEEK AND aOYTHIO KINOa OF BAOTRIA AND INDIA.

1

^1-15

Head of elepliniit r,
round neck.

MAUES.

round; Greek legend only.

BAZIAEI2Z Caduceua.
MAYOY

tol., r+1. [LO. C. PI. xvi. 1.]

(^) Silver ; type, Zens.

BAZIAEAZ BAZl-
AEilN MEPAAOY
MAYOY Zona stand-
ing ]., cliid in himatioiL;
r, hand exteaded; in L,
long sceptie.

r /^ rajasa mahalafia
Mbasa). !Kike r. ; holda wreath
and pahn bonnd with fillet.

[PI. xvi. 2.]

(7) Bronte; round; type, King on hor^hack.

BAIIAEilZ BA£I-

AEilN MErA[AOY
[MAYOYl] King r.
im horacback ; whip
liver shoulder ; lance
couched.

T7y T"i~" Tii^na"!

(Rajadirajasa mahatasa Moasa).
Female figure, facing, diad. ; holds
in r. hand,' patera, containing offer-
ings ; L rests oa wheel ; on head,
turreted crown. (Tyche).

I

I

;
I

(B) Broiae ; round ; other ,

AEilN MEfAAoY y y^ ™a« 1

MAYOY Art„,.,;ol * '~ rajium ma

running T., wdiai,« ■^'""'')- ^"^'^ ii^P^A i
veil floating r

^1-
^1'

clad in short
chiton nnd hoots.

[PI. XVI. 4.]

facing;

iscr. Horoklea,
; hoH.s in L, club

tol., t+I.

Maneliiss lion 1.

[PI. XVI. 5.]

(() Srome ; s/jiiiire f tijpc, Kiwj on horseback.

BASIAEnX BAZI-
AEilN MEfAAoY
MAYOY King r, or
Iioraeback \ whip over
shoulder ; r. hand ad-
vanced.

r /)-' rajasa mahataea
Moasa). Pallaa r., her garment
ilying ; holds in 1. hand, spear and
shield; r. extended; before

M'C,.

L- 1

.Same inscr. King r.
horsehack ; whip o
shouJder; iance couched.

[PI. 2VI. 6.]

\Y\, ^■^'i.' "^ -^

GREEK AND HCYTHIO KING3 OF BACTKIA AND INBIi.

^■95

Le-9

(0 Bnnize

BAZIAEAZ BA£I-
AEnN MEFAAOY
MAYOY Bmped

female figure facing,
holds sceptre trans-
versely ; on her head,
crescent ; and on either
side, star.

T7H Ti.~u raiin^

{Rajadirajasa mahatasa MoaBa).
Nike L ; holds wreath and palm.

A

[Pi. XVI. 8.]

lame inacr. Zeus, laur.,
seated 1. on throne ;
holds in 1. hand scep-
tre; r, extended towards
small winged female
figure, who seems to bo
an emhodiment of the
thunderbolt.

Same inscr. Female figure, facing,
wearing turreted crown and hold-
ing long sceptre ; holds out in r,
hand her veil. (Tyche),

tol., T-

[PI. XVI. 9.]

Same inscr. Zeus, seated
1. on throne ; holds in t.
hand Nike, who carries
wreath and palm ; before
him, forepart of ele-
phant r., with trunk
raised.

Same inscr. Herakles, facing ; holds
in 1. hand, club and lion's skin ;
with r., crowns himself 1

Same inscr. Poseidon I.
clad in himation ; r
hand on hip; in 1..
trident; r. foot placed ot
shoulder of a river-god.

('Poseidon rais
to v.. tfi .

: hand) ;

Same inscr. Female figure, clad in
chiton and himation, facing ; stands
between two vines, (Maenad 1).

tol., "y. [I. 0. C. PI. XVII. 1.]
[I. 0. C]

r

UAUBS.

*

No.

wt

Metnl.
Siza.

Obverao. KoTeree,

i
J

\

1

17

1

18
19

20

21
22
23
24

25

«-9

MVl
JE105

«-9

MS
JES

M-S5
M\OS

BAZIAEHZ BAXI-

AEHN MEPAAOY
MAYOY Poseidon
striding I., hiirling thun-
derbolt to r., and hold-
iag in left hand aplua-
tre; beside him, river-
god, leaping up.

{Rajadirajasa maMiaea Moasa).
Female figure, clad in chiton and
bimation, facing ; stands between
two vines. (Maenad )).

tol., ^. [1.0. C. Pl.xvn.2.]

Same inacr, Male figure
L, clilamya flying be-
hind ; holds club and
trident.

tol.,^.

Same inacr. Female figure r., pep-
lum flying ; holds long fillet.

tor., H'C;, [LO.C. PI. XVII. 3.]

Same inscr. Female iigure
1. ; r. hand advanced ;
in 1., comucopiae.
(Tychel).

Same inscr. Elephant run-
ning r., holds in trunk,
wreath : in square of
fillet-pattem.

Sameinacr, Male figure, facing; clad
in bimation; r. hand on hip; wears
petasus, (Hermes 1).

A

to 1., 'f . [PL xvn. 4.]

Same inscr. King, facing, seated
cross-legged on cushion ; sword
on his knees : in square of fillet-
pattern,

tor., ^. [PI. ivii. 5.]

',. isl.

Similar. Same inscr. Indian humped bull r.
tor., <^. \.^\.i^v.?.^

■

^

_

GREEK AND aCYTHIO KINQS OP DAOTEIA AND INDIA.

BAriAEnX MAYOY

Apollo 1. ; holds in r,
hand arrow ; in 1., bow.

tol., M.
„ M.

Moaga). Tripod, in square of dtita.

[PI. xvu. 7.]

Saiue iiiser. Horse r , I Same ij
trotting.

Itoi., rM.

I

^^^^^^

1

1

z

w.

MBtaL
SizB.

ObyoTBO. Eererao.

AZES.

(a) Silver ; type, Zeus.

^

BAZrAEnX BAZI
AEI2N MEPAAOY
AZOV The king T.,
on horaefaack; holds
lance, couched.

TA7 {MaharajoHu
rajarajasa mdhdtasa Aya^a). Zeus
1,, radiate ; r. hand advanced ; in
1., long sceptre.

1

U6'5

.'Rll

bebw, T.

tol., ®; tor., V. [Pl.xvii.a.]

Similar,

Same inscr. Zeufl, facing, laur. ;
holda winged thunderbolt and
long sceptre.

2

U5-7

^1-15

toh, K; tor., 5.

[I. 0. C. PLxvii. 9.]

3

150 '3

iRl'OS

i

\

1 6

UO-6
35-5

^1-1
^■65

below, 1.

,, J; ., 7. Li-0. C]

tol.. K; tor., 5.

[I.O.C. PLxvu.10.]

Similar.

Same inscr. Zeua, facing, laur. ;
hurls with r., thunderbolt; and
holds in I, long sceptre.

r ^

37-9

^•7

Mow, ^.

tol, ^; tor., 7. [PI. XVII. 11.]

)■

35'

M-55

„ „

„ ,. „ „

\

L

^

^

__

€*

^■■■■IH

" --—■ I

No.

wt.

Metal.

Obyoraa.

Eeverae.

BAZIAEilZ BAZI-
AEHN MEFAAOY

AZOV The king r.,
on horseback ; holds
whip.

rq/'arajoKamaJiStaeaAyasa). Zeus
1. ; holds in r. hand, wreath-bearing
Nike ; in 1,, long sceptre.

8

isa-

^■95

helow, Tt .

to 1., ^ i to r, ^ .

9

H6-7

M\\

to,„V.

i-

10

HO'

Ai\-\

„ %■

B.

11

136-8

Ml-

.. 'fi.

"[I."0.C. PI XVII. 12.]

12

U2-3

m-95

„ v.

13

lia-

MVl

„ H.

" - " " "

I

ise-

M'S

,. r.

„ *. „ ..

1

150-4

A -9

„ •^■

U-o-C]

',.

128-7

A -95

„ T.

„ *; „ K.

„ „ „ B.
1

17

H8-7

^-95

„ 7-.

18

149-

^-9

,, T.

.. ^-^ ■■ ^- \

!

1477

«-S5

,. f.

\
[1. 0. C] ^

/so 1 147- j^ .Oil
' • i

„ f.

"^■■"T ••

■

■

■

^^■^^^^^^H

No

MBfaL
^^^ Size.

ObTaraa.

,.„..

BAZIAEHI BAII-
AEHN MErAAOY
AZOV The king t.,
on horseback ; holds
whip.

7A

1.; holds in r
Nike; inl.,

(JB„

afasaAyasu
Hand, wreatJi-
long sceptie.

31

32-9

/B.e

lor;,*.

to I., 'V, to r., 5 .

m -$'

22

28-5

M-5

„ „

., „ ., ,.

23

33-3

M-5d

,. *-*■

„ )t(; „ I.

24

34-8

M-G

„ 1.

"[LO.C. Pl.xvn.l3.]

25

30'

/U-G

,. "V. (mvcrtod).

„ if^. „ „

26

36-5

^RO

„ '?.

27

37-

.11 -fi

., „

28

S.vfi

JR-Ci

., 7.

4 7. [I. 0. C]

29

3G-8

.R-G

., 5.

>.

30

33 -.n

/R -SS

„ i.

„ /^ ; ,. unn-rlnin Ittter.

31

27-4

^■6

.. H.

„ „ „ f ■ [1. 0. C]

33

33 -ii

^■6

„ I.

„ Z; „ 'f 7.

33

34-

R 65

„ T.

„ I*-, „-™.^.

\

14,

.J

u-o 1

„ X^,^-).*-

-A

r^

76 GREEK AND BCTTHJC KINGS OP CiCTltlA AND INDIA. ■

No.

WL

Motel.
Sue.

ObTOrao.

1

BAZIAEnE BASI-
AEnN MEFAAOY
AZOV The king r.,
on horaeback ; liolile
whip.

1

r ^ 7 (Mahariifasa

1. ; holds in r. hand, wreath-bearinjj
Niko ; in 1., long sceptre.

35

31'

«-C5

to r,, >f .

tol., ^; tor., EI ^.

36

36-4

MS

„ T.

37

36-2

M-e

„ 7.

1.

38

3.

MG

„ X.

A 1.

39

32-9

M'G

„ x.

40

35-8

MS

„ T.

o „ ■

41

30-5

JRa

„ ?.

7. [1.0. C]

A

42

31-

M-5o

.. v.

„ „ „ M .

7

43

33-

M-5

„ t.

K -[.

44

28-7

JRS

„ T.

45

22 6

M-e

„ \J ,

„ ,. „ „ „

46

3,V3

M 6

., ^-

1.

I

^^^^^^1

1

BAZIAEnX BAZI-
AEilN MErAAOY
AZOV Tlie king r.,
on liorsebaok ; holds
whip.

to r., h •

„ uncertain letter.

T A ; (jf*

rajaraja^a mc 'afaAyaea/.
I. ; holds in r. nand, wreatli-l
Xike i in L, long sceptre.

„ 7.

E.

„ "y. „ „ „ 'I. [1. 0. c]

„ v 7.

[Jlik-^t of the aliovo coins arc of baso melnj and very rudo
exL'cutiiJU. Ill nos. 16 and 40 tlii> iiiscr. roEida rajadirajaaa].

{^) Silver ! I :,/),'. Pu.^^/,l>ji,.

^ A^Po^Lr^Aov, T'^-"^ T'^^^'l T:in~w

AEiiN MErAAOY -v a t ^,r , ■

AZoY Kiri'' r. on' , ,r/\/ {Makarajwti

^ry^-r^'i

sel.iuck ; holds wlii]
/fl -OS to T., ^ .

>-aJni-(yaS'i malm/aM At/asa). Po-
^eiiLon r.; holds in 1. hand, tridunt.

\iu^.,^ .v., ,.,■*! . \yv^-;N^-^-^>

/-

■"

^^^

I ^ ' 'WiMil mu VI11HW mum nr BAumt awu j»i.i». 1

»'«

«i

w«;

AniM,

BniTM. i

(y) «tar/ ((/m Pall(u. |

I

HAXIAtnX HAH'
AeilN MBPAAOY
A/OY KiMi i„ .11,
li<'ini.lm..1t ; hol'ln Uliou,
.'.in.'timl.

T A 7 (Maharajas

Ifui 1. i ill rdnod r. hand, Unindar'
Ml ; 1. hold, uliidd. i

f

m

I4n«

M «n

(« t., # .

1.1 1., X ; tor., 7. [PI. xvut 2.]'

»

IMit

Ml

m M , y.

J

M

lln^

*l«ll

h> y., ^ ,

. ., ., *. 1

lt»

Ml*

A«t

1

(W

m*

*l

. f ,

... 1

«4

. »>

. . . . Ll-ttCL]

«».♦.

Ml, !«%...«. 1

*»

»«

*♦

,♦.

^ . . . !n.>~a]

M

1

V "?,

W ■• -• «

I

4»

»■ *< i . t .

^

««:

W« * >: .. *.

»• •• <*••!•

*;

ss «■■: .. ,

., ., . „

[ ni!i fr-: «t-fir ^

BAZIAEHZ BAZI-
AEnN MEFAA Y
AZOV Ems «., on

boietbiick ; holds idi^.

tor^7 .

71
7S
73

^■£

38 M-C5
3P 4 .-It ■€
3G' j^'GS
SB' |«'(i,'i
37'C M -05
38-T|A-C5
3C>1J MG
S] ' 31; -3 ^-6,1

to I, ? .
„ f .

„ ^

,. -t.

TA (Maft<fc

rajarajaaa niuhatasa A!twia\
las, iucing ; holds iu 1. hsud
and shield j with i., ctowiii^ 1

to 1., i^ ; to r., B . [I'l xvin. 4.]

a L, r^ ; to r., ^ .

„ „ [Pl.iTia. 6.]

r^

^-

=.-—

' "^^'^^^^^^^^^^^

BO OliEEK AND SCYIHW KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA. ■

No.

Wt.

Metnl.

Obverae,

RoYeree.

BAIIAEilZ BAZI-
AEHN MEFAAOY
AZOV Xing r., on
horseback; holds whip.

1

TA7 (Mafiarqjasa '
it^arajasa mahatasa Ayam). Pal-
las, facii^ ; holds in I. hand, Bpear
and shield ; with r., crowns herself.

83

30-6

^■55

to r., letter.

to 1., ^ ; to r., S .

84

35 '3

/R'65

„ ?.

„ r, „ ^.

85

33-6

m-65

- »

1

86

36-8

^■65

» f-

«

Similar.

Same inser. Pallas, standing 1. ; r.
hand advanced; in 1., shield.

87

34-1

^■7

to r., 7^ .

tol„ 7, tor., ^.

88

36-6

^■6

,. T.

„ „ „ ^. [PLxviiLC]

Similar.

Same inacr. Pallas, feeing; holda
in r. hand, spear; shield ailing
over back.

^^^^^^^^^^^1

r

Azm.

q

No.

Wt.

MeUI.
Size.

o.„,„.

Reverse.

[

BAZIAEnZ BAZI
AEIIN MEPAAdY
AZOV King r., on
horecbnck ; holda whip.

y-i'v.w 7:j-|N1-i -r^j-T^/w

r ^ / (Maharajctsa
rajarajana inahalasa Aijam). Pal-
las r. ; her r. hand advanced ; in
her 1., spear and shield.

.

Uib

^■95

u.r.,l».

tol., ^; tor., 4i. [PI. xvui. 8.]

91
92

14C-7
HO '5

41-95
^■95

„ T.

(iuscr. rajadirqjasa).

83

146-7

A -95

„ .,

,. .. ,. rft.

(inficr. riyadimjafa),

94

130-5

Ml-

„ T.

„ ♦ Bi „ iTl.

95

123-S

^1-05

„ A.

„ Si ., ■T'-

96

140-2

^1-

„ T.

„ A 1; „ *. [I. 0. C]

(inficr, rfyadira^am).

97

147-8

^-95

., ^■

„ „ 'fr; „ If. [I. 0. C]

98

143-5

A -95

„ t.

99

142-8

^■95

,. 5.

„ „

00

147-3

^■95

„ 7; Lclow, uncertain

„ W; „ 1^-

(iuscr. rajalhajaaa).

01

147-

^■95

.. „

02

152-9

MO

-'

03

141-4

M-m

„ ^■

„ ,,1;

04

118-7

^-9

„ ?.

\

82 GIIEEK AN1> SCTTEIID K1S08 OF BICTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt, 1

Metnl.

Ohyerw. Rflrerso. 1

BAZIAEnZ BAZI-
AEnN MEFAADY
AZOV Kins !-. on
l:orsebiU'.k ; iioliis whip.

TA? {Maliamjaaa:,
rajarajaminahatasaAijam). Pal
las r. ; lier r, baud advanced ; ^
hei 1., spear and shiold.

105

37 G

^■c

U,,..'*l.

tol.. El; tor., 4l.

lOG

36-7

^1-65

.. 7-

" " " "

107

as -6

MGb

., „ „ „ [ri.xvm.9,1

108

28-5

/KG

„ uncertjiiii li-ttcr.

„ m-, ., ^. [1.0, c]

1

(S) Silver; fijpti, Oitij ?

BAZIAEilZ BAZI-
AEilN MEPAAOY
AZOV King r., ni.
Iioracluick ; lioUs Janop,

rijorajami mahaiasa Ayasa). A
City 1 1. ; holds in r. hand, objecl
reaemliliiiK a lirazier ; in !,, piilm
touud with fillet.

lOO

I3fi-r

yRlO;

tor.,5-

to]., l|l; t..r., H^. LPLsvm, 10.;

111

li.-l-

.«,.

,. T.

.. ., ,. >,

^^^^^^1

(<) Silvei'; wilhaiit Jtijiire of King.

BAZIAE12Z BAZI-

AEIIN MEFAAOY

AZOV Zeiwl., laur.;
r. hand HJvaiiccd ; in
1., sceptre hold trans-
versely.

TA 7 (Maharajma

rajarajasnmahiilnxa Ayasa). Nike
r., winged ; holiis wreatli and palm
bound with fillot.

tor., &J. [ri. svin. 12.]

(^) Brome; type. King, grated.

BAZIAEAZ BA£I
AEflN MEFAAOY
AZOY King, facinj
seated cross-legged o
cushion ; holds in :
hand, ankus ; in 1 ,
sword, which reata on

3 1., it .

.. ^.

TA 7 (Jfa7m«y-<wa

rajarajasa iwihatnmAyasa). Her-
mes 1., with chlamys flying; r, liand
raised ; in 1., caduceus.

tol., rfl; tor., 9.

['r.o.c. PI. XIX. 1.]

84 GREEK AND BOtTHlO K[NG9 OF BACIRIA AND INDU.

\

No.

Wt

Metal

ObTersa.

Royorso.

BAZIAE12Z BAZI-
AEflN MEFAAOY
AZOV King, fnciiig,
seated croBS-leggod on
CTiahion; holds in r.
hand, antuB; in 1.,
swOrd, which roatB on
Lis knees.

TA7 {Makan^'am
rajarajasa wahutasa Ayana). Hur-
mes ]., with chlamya flying; r. hand
raised ; in i., caducous.

12

;E1'05

f'-.t-

Lol., 1^; tor., ^.

132

jE-95

„ uncertain letter.

„ „ „ H 5.

12.

^ -95

„ ^■

{msa: nija.hnijnsa).

12^

M-7

„ „ „ „

12
12

Ml-
^■9

„ * (iavmtod).
„ ^.

(ij) Bronze,

BAZIAEnZ BAZI-

AEilN MEFAAdY
AZQY Demetcr 1
seated 1. on throne, mo-
diua on head ; r. band
raised ; in ]., coinu-
copiae.

(inscr. rajadirajiua).
i!/))c, Demdei- or Oily.

mea 1. j r. hand raised ; in 1., cadu-

1

12

/E 1 '05

tol, i^i tor., B-

12

^1-05

„ .> „ „

12
13

,E1'

„ ., „ ., (reatruck).

[I.O.C. PI. SIX. 2.1
„ ,. „ ,. [1-0. C]

^^^^^^1

I

134

136

BAIIAEnZ BAZI-
AESIN MEPAAOY
AZOY Uermes I.,
wcai^ clilomys ; T. hand
advancad ; in I., cadn-

tol.,)W-

^11

T^ 7 (Maharqjasa

rajarajaaa mahatasa Ayasa).
Demeterl standiog ]., wears mo-
diua; r. hand advanced; in 1.,
conmcopiae.

to I., ^; tor., "-]. [PI. xii. 3.j

above, ^ .

m Bron

BAZIAEnX BAZI-
AEilN MEPAAqY

AZdY Female deity,
facing, clad in hinia-
tion ; holds in raised r.
hand, flower ; stands on
lotus ; beside her, lion 1
(Lakshmi 1).

tol.

i.

6 ^ . [PI. SIS. 4.]

" ; fijiJe, male deity.

T'i~>^ WiiiiT:ii~>^

X f\/ {Maharojosa

rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasa).
Humped bull r.

r.,5.

[Pt. XIX. 5,]

(i) Bi-OHze ; ti/pee, lion ami hull.

BAZIAEnS BAZt-
AEHN MEfAAaY
AZdY Huuijied In-
dian bull r.

TA 7 {MfOiaraj'

rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayasa).
Lion r.

above, Q^ .

\

f^

^^^^^^^^H

1

36 GREEK AND SCVTHIC K1NG3 OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Siz9.

ObversB.

Rfiverao, '

BASIAEilZ BA£I

AEIIN MEFAAaY
AZDY Humped In-
dian bull r.

r A 7 (Mnhnrajaxn
rajadirajasa mahatam Ai/asn).
Lion r.

140

^M

iibove, ^ .

above, t^.

Ul

yEl-

,. Bl.

,. tlft.

142

^M

,. 'P^jtor., ^.

„ m.

143

^1'05

„ ®i „ ^.

„ $.

144

yE 1-05

„ . .. >.

"

145

^1'

„ ,. „ r*i.

146

^M

,. ., .. 'h.

., m.

147

^■35

.. »

„ f. [I.O.C.] 1

148

/El-

„ 1'.

„ «. J

149

MVl

„ H.

„*. \

150

&V1

7.

i

151

B.\-\

„ IS

„ m- 1

152

yEl-2

., H; „ *.

„ ;H. [H.x,x.6J

153

^M

, r*i.

„ ^.

154

.'E -85

„'^.

„ a. (

^^^^^^1

^1-

M-95
.-El'

-T-: -or.
.1:11

.1-,1'0.5
^1-05

.'i-:i-o;

(«) Broms ; types, elephant

BA£IAEX2£ BAZI-
AEflN MEPAAOY
AZnY Elephant r.

i|ilMJiiK iilisyiiro).

rajadirajaea Mhalasa Ay.
Humped bull r.

above, ttnccrtam letter.

^ y . (inser. ^ajamjaea).

[1.0.C."pi.xii.7.]
^ r^ ■ (iiiscr. rujumjaea).

[I.O.C]

S ?■

„ 'f.

[I. 0. C]

[111 Knvciul 111 tile nbdve wiuis V\ih V\\\^^ \\tow ■\sw\\*¥-^v^'^,^^^\

BASIAEnX BAZI-
AEflN MEFAAOY
AZOV Poseidon L,
cliid in himation ; r,
hand on hip ; in L, tri-
dent ; foot pi
Bhoulder of rivei

^1-
JEl-2

T/ (Mu.

rajarajasa ...^.lalasa Ayat
Female figure, clad in chil
himation, facing ; holds 1
liand, long vine-branch.

tol., |j. [PI.XIX. lO.j

[I. O. C]

Same inscr. Male figure
L, uliliimya flying he-
hind ; holds club and
trident.

■aiiie iuscr. Fcmalu Hfjurn r,,
luru flying; holds long fillet.

(f) n,;mv; .-7,,.

will I

ilV-'.

BAXrAEnZ BASI- T'T^^ T:^"!^"! T^"l~»-'

I AEXIN MErAAOY -pi 9 ' ' .

I AZOV IhTiliJ.'R ^^ ' iMaharajaea

I faH,,^.; h.lds in I iiiuid! ■ '^f "■"-/"'""' ""'h..iU,m A,,mi).

, L'luli iinil li..,i'« skill ;, "'"'"'' ''■

! anil villi \:, arowusj

1 Uiiuai.ir.

UVS-. klY ^-JV"** S''^^ '^'^™ '^'' \^A<S^'^''°^

GREEK ASn SCYTUIC 81N0S OF BACTBIA ANT) INDIA.

n

BAZIAEnZ BAZI
AEHN MEPAAOY
AZOV £leiil.iu,l r.

T A 7 {Maharaja^,,

Humpofl Imll r.

BAZIAEnj: MEfA-
AOY AZOV Elci-

BAZlAEnZBlAXIAE
nNMErAAOYACI

TA7 T'i~" T^"n~"

{Alaharajasa maluifn-'a Ai/arid).
Hmnped bull r.

in. XTX. 12.]

TA7 :^^~^

{Maliai-iija >l(/as(i).

Humped hull 1.

Corrupt legi n,! King r.,
on liorsebaek ; liolds ia
r. hand aiikiis(!); before
liim, Eymbol Y-*

i 141- ^-8
) 142-2 M -8

(o) li'l/i'ii; armi-har/iarom eoinaije.

jin the obveree field i
I they are aot more bli

T7'4'5 T"T^^ T^^~w
TA7 T::!"!^^^

{Maharajaaa mahaiasa dhravii-
ieaea rajadirajasa Ayaaa). City
1., turreted, and clad in chiton
and pepluni ; r. hand advanced ;
in L, cornucopiae.

tol., 5 ; tor., ^. [PI. XX. 1.]

tbcee aovaa theie is an appeaianca of various Icdiaji It
which are not \ioto msorteil.vt bfing ilonbtfiil wbethtir

M-8

^■75
^■85

.51 -8

Corrupt legend. King r.,
on horseback ; holds in
r. hand ankiis{?); before
hin:, symbol j^.

TA7 ■

{MaJiamjam .aiiafoBa
kasa rajadirajaga Aijasa).
1., turreted, and clad in
and peplum ; r. hand sA\
in 1., cornucopiae.

tol., "C7; tor, ^.

(tt) Uillou; Willi, I

■ I'f Aspatiu

{h„lnv;„;„.> /,>,f,;>^.< A.y,aranHu-
.■<...lr„l,'.ia..,J,uj„l.i.a). Pallas r.,
armed; Ii;.t r, liand iL.lvaiiccd ; in
hi^r 1.. i^iitai' mid shitM; huhind,
.star a.i.i y .

AEflN MEPAAoY
AZdY KiU;
hu.'s,..|,;njk;!iL.iih

k'lmuLlii)ii,hoiv
dlo ; bfUHHth, ^

200

l."i7';i

A\

201

no-:

Al

202

|.JO-'J

A\.

20.:j

i:.G-'j

/U

L'OI

l■lG•^

.R

20.-I

I is-;!

Al

-■M<;

i:>u:;

Ai

i to r., ^ .

.,'{\i

1.

T.
>1.
7.

3 SOTTHIO KlNOa OF BACTRIA AKD INDl

BAZIAEnz BA2I
AEflN MEFAADY
AZnY King r, on
lioi-sebauk; holds ankus;
bt'hind him, bow on sad-
dl6 ; beneath, Vi .

■ 157-2
i 1594
I 150-

^■85
A-S5

tor., >&.

{_Indrnvanna putrasa Aepavarma-
ea Ktrateijasajayataaa). Pallas r.,
armed ; her r, hand advanced ; in
her 1., spear and shield ; hehiud,
star and V -

tor, /^; tol., <;. [I-O. C.)

„ uncertain letter.

AZKS AND AZTLISEH.
{a) Slhm:

BAZIAEflZ . . HM-
TAAOY AZAIZOY

Tim king r,, on horsc-
Ijiic'.k : holds bow.

T"i~^ 7 — Ta'i~w

r A / {Maharajasa

{i-ajarajnyta mahalasa Ayam).
Zens standing 1., diad. ; holds
Nike and long sceptre.

146-;

150-4
333

J1105
^105

5 146-8 AT

^ AZILISES.

(a) Sileer; tijpe, Zeus.

BAIirAEnX BAXI-
AEHN MErAAOY
AZIAIZOY Thu

king r., on horsebuck ;
in r. hand, ankus; bow

/■oj'iflirnJoi'a mahatasa Ayilishaea).
ZeuB r., diad., wearing himation;
holds wreath (1) and long sceptre.

jI., A ; tor., 7. [PI. XX. 4.]

{i8) Silver; type, Dio^cui

BAZrAEnZ BAZI-
AEilN MErAAOY
AZlAiroY The

king r., on horseback;
holds ankus ; bow on
saddle.

tor., A-

TT**1A7 {Maharajasa
rajadirajana mahatasa AyUishasa).
Th" ''*io8curi, facing ; each wears
Phrjg_.n cap and cblamys, and
holds apear and sword.

tol., >j tor., ^. [PI. XI. 6.]

[LOG. PI. XX. 6.]

lamo inscr. One of the Dioscuri,
facing, as above, liut bearded and
wearing chiton.

to 1., T .

VS'N.^.I^

tto...m.

\w\.,'^. v^'^-^^*^

r ^_.- x^_

g

140'3
H9-8
146 '2
13D-5
144-9
148 '5

35-8
35 '3
32-6
32-9
32-2

^1-05
mi '05'

^1' j

i

M.\- ;

mn]

mi -05
M.1

m-65

m-r

m 7
m-60
.1! -7

(y) SrVfc-e;-; iijim, Cilij'i

rajarajasa maJtatasa Aijilisliasa).
City (?) 1. ; holila in r., uncertain
object; in I., palm bound with fillet,

to I., ^ 5

AEflN MErAAOY
AZIAIiOY The

kiiij,' r., on horseback
holds Ian CO coiicheJ.

„ T „

, "*? ■ [PI.3

„ „ „ „ [I, 0. C]

„ Z; „ T. [Pi. XX. 10.]

„ ^T,: „ 1.

tu 1„ ^ 9 ; to r., "E .

„ 5. [PI. xs. 11.]

„ J.

„ ■^.

„ T.

„ 1 . [I. u. C]

(J) Bmnse.; xijuare ; iyp; Kin;/ -x.

BAZIAEnZ BAxr-i YT-^lA? ~w T^

AEHN MEPAAOY (Mn/iarajasi 'latasaAyil

AZIAIZOY Kingl Homkles, .1 naked, ae

r., on luirsebtick. holda in r, I club, wh
lance couched. ^ti knee

JE-d tor., 1^ 5.
^■95

to 1„ ^ I

Siiiiic iiiscr. Elf'iiliiiiit r.
above, "^ 1^.

„ „ „ [I.O.C. PI. XXI. 2.]

I T^^w t:^^^^ T:i"i~^

ynjriirij"^'!. wahaf'i^a Aijilhliiim).

I.n,., V Z. [11

,. S 7.

['.".(: J

:).]

i

■

^^^^^H

1

1!

GREEK ANT) BCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND ISillA. ^^^^|

^M

1

B..

wt

S^ Ol™. B.V.™,.

BAZIAEnX BAZI
AEnN MEFAAOY
AZIAIZOY King
r., on horseback ; holds
lance couched.

T"1~" T^J'nill Til^~^

rojarajasa moJialma Ayilishasa).
Humped huU J.

31

^1-05

atove, M' /f . (reatruck com).

32

^-95

to ,.,-(>.

.. z?.

83

XS

(king to 1.)

„ .. „

(t) Bronze ; square ; lijpr, Ki»^ (?) •itaii'Udij.

BAZIAEnZ BAZI

aehn mepaaoy

AZIAIZOY The

kiBg(?) standing i., clad
in helmet and cloak ;
holds in L hand, shield ;
r, advanced.

TT'^IA? {Mahamjasa

Nik6(?) r., imwinged, clad in sLort
chiton, with inflatoii veil over her
head ; holds in r. hand wreath.

\

S4

.«-9

tor., A.

tor., C,. rPLxsi. 4.]

36

J^l-

K

jE-85

to 1., M' i to r., unceri^in letter. -
[I. 0. C]

31

/E-95

" " "

(J) Brma; irpmrr : Mar hjp',.

BAZIAEnZ [BAZI-
AEHN MEPAIAY
AZIAIZY llemkios,
facing, crowning him-
relf; hold, in 1. hand
olnh and lion's skin.

TT**1 A 7 {^fahn^aja>'a
rajadirujam miihataea Ayilixham).
Horae standing r.

,

H

^

to 1., E^ .

above, ^.

i

■

■

■

1

&A£IAEI1£ BATI-
AEahl METAA-Y
AZIATI.Y Mule
figure, faning, dlftd in
liimation. ttead '*™»"'^
to r. ; Imlde in x. iaaiA,
BcejiUt ; in X,
object.

Inscr. cliscuTb. £lQpiiaiil.L

Lion r., It'uk kwck.

"■, "V- [XO.C. PI xsLtj

{AjfilwhoM.). Humped bull 1

^ 1

m& GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIi AN'D INDIA.

f]

No.

Wt.

Mota
Size.

ObTerso.

RoTorsa.

1

SPALAnOKES, WITn VONONES.

(a) Sihrr.

BAZIAEnS BAZI-

AEilN MEfAAoY
ONriNOY King r.,
oil horaebaok; holds
lance couched.

y^'VAT' (Mihiraja
Ihrala Mramil^ma Spataiioraaa).
ZeQa, hur., facing, clad in liima-
tion ; holds Lbuiiderbolt and long
Bcoptro.

1

1

1

1

l«-5

Ml-05

tor,, R. [I.O.C, PI. sxi. 7.]

'l

3

37-B

M-a

tor., R.

3

37-3

JR-7

„ „ [PI. SSI. 8.]

4

39-

JR-G5

to 1., H .

5

3T-8

M-e

„ ,.

(Ji) Bronze; sijuare.

BAZIAETZZ BAZI-
AEHN MErAAoY
ONIINOY Heraklea,
facing ; holds in 1. hand,
club and lion's skin;
and with r., crowns
himself.

T'l'V'i;, (MiUraJa
bhrata dhramihasa Spalah&ra^).
Pallas L, wearing helmet; holds
in r. hand, wreath ; in 1., spear
and shield bound with fillet ;
sword slung round waist.

1

6

a: '85

to 1., EH .

)'/ /

^■s 1

„ „ lPl.xi,.0,l

A

8PALAGADAUES, WITH TONONES.

SPALAGADAICES, WITH VONONES.
(a) Silnei'.

BAZIAEnZ BA£I-
AEIiN MErAAOY
ONJINOY Kiog r.,
on liorseback ; holds
lance coudied.

'jJR-7
8 Al-6

77Vi T.\A Tf^?'

putram dhramiasa Sjialagada-
viasa). Zeua, facing, laur., clad
in himation ; holds thunderbolt
and long seep tie.

toL,

[PI. ...xi. 10.]

BAZIAEnZ BAZI-
AEHN MEfAAoY
ONHNOY ili-rnkk...
iMin-^; ii.ililHiiil. hand,
cluh and lion's skin ;
and with r., crowns
himself.

T7n'5 t.\a i-v^;.

jiiilrti-^'i- ilhramidjia Bpalagada
mas'i). Pallas I., wearing hel-
met ; holds in r. hand, wreath (J) ;
in 1., spear and shield bound
with fiUet ; sword slung i-ound

\V\. ■^.■i.v.Vs.?^

/ / /

SPALAGADAMES, WITH SPALYKIS.
(a) Bronze ; square.

mAAYPIaC AIKAI-

dYAAEA*pYTdY
BACIAECOC KiBg
r., ou boi'sobauk.

patrUsa (Uiramiasa S^xilagada-
jHosa). Hc>raklos, diad., sea^ted 1.
on rocka ; holds in r. liand, club,
wliict i-estiS on knee.

jI.,®. [PI. XXL 13.]

„ H.

SPALIRISE8 i AS KING'S BROTHER.

BACIAEWC AAEA-
foY CnAAIPIQoY

King r,, on horseback ;
holds lance couched.

3(jr,:,ii

(.) Silocr.

r?H'i .~n* iii.~v

hliraha dbramiusa Spalinsasd).
Zuua, facing, wearing hiniation ;
holds thtindeibolt and long sceptre.

[PI. XIII. !.]

,E 1)

JE -US

SES ; AS KING.

(a) Bnmxp; square.

BACIAEtON BACIA-
EWt MErAAoY
cnAAIPlCDY

King, stau(liiij;;L; liolJa
battlo-axe ; bow at his

Trr^'fiT' (Maharaja»a
vi'Vidlakaaa Sji'ilirisasa). Zeus,
radiate, seated 1. on throne; r.
hand extended ; in 1., sceptte.

[l.u.C. n. XXII. 2.j

[I. 0. C]

• liustriipk oil i^oppor of Von onus "illi Spnbhcrca or Spaliigailamos (?(
CIuIj oI tluraUluii aeuu on obv. (f).

^

y

98 ■

1

-^

102

GREEK AKD 8CYTB1C KINGS OF BACTRIA ANB INBIA. ■

N

1

No.

wt.

Molal.

Obverao.

ReTerao. \

SPALIRISES, WITH AZES. 1

<

(a) &U.m: 1

]

BACIAEWC MEPA-
AOY PHAAIPICOY

KiTig r,, OQ horseback ;
holds lunce couched.

TA7 (Maharajasa-
maJidlahma Ayasa). Zeus, facing,
laur., clftd in himation; holds thun-
derbolt and long sceptie.

1

37-7

^■6

tol., H; tor., 1^.

1

2

37 '8

^■0

., „ » »

!:

3

345

^■65

" [I."0. C. PL Kxii. 3.]

i

i

30

^-C5

., „ ., » [I.O.C]

(^ Bronx; round.

r

BACIACWE MEPA-
AOY rnAAIPICoY

Kingr., on horseback;
liolda ankua.

TA7 {Maharajasa
mdti.atakasa Ayaea). Strung bow
and arrow 1,

(

5

^.-95

above, © . [PI. xxii. i.]

^^^^^^B

OONDOPHAREa.

^

37C
385

Al 45

GOITDOPHAEES.
(a) Base nilvKV ; type, Zei

BACIAElUILIAEtUN l^^H :i*T>^
MEPAAl VHAOOIPP'

The king r., on horse- ;
back ; arm exU.
in front, §. .

{Maharaja —
uafrata* 6

iscr. BACIAEIUC
BALIAEUIN fa.

1X79

■aja trade
mtsa),
standing :

.1 extended ; in 1., long sceptre.

r.,1 i'.
[I. 0. C. Pl.ixn. 6.]

■f ^. [I. 0. C]

BACIAE . BACI-

A€U)N M€rAA"
TNAOOEPPO The

kin^, iH^mI, 7'., Oil horse-
back ; to !■„ ^ ,

(/J) Ba3e silver ; tijpe^ PaUas.

y^v^s ^X79

{Maharaja rajadiraja traJata de-

valrata Gmlaphwasa). Pallas r.,

mod ; in lior I. hand, spoar and

1^.1. BACIAEWC
dV EiEaV Vi/lAn

DEPP

of tliu kiiiy

i. Head
, diad.

shield : lier r, advanced.

iol,^-,

[PI. XXII. 6.]

y^VZ^ {Maharnjasa

mahalasa. GH'lapliara«a). PaJlaa
" r., fighting ; holds .t^Jninderbolt
and sliield.

infield, S 9-. ._ '[PI "sii. 7.]

GREEK AND SOTTniC KISOa OF EAOTBIi AND INHIA.

146-2

137-4

^■95

' 145-8 J
14G-7 /

/ /

(y) Base siluer ; li/pe, Siva.

BACIAGWC BACI-
A€WN werAAoY
VNAo4>€PPOY

The kicg I., on horse-
back ; r. hand raised ;
behind him, Nike flying
],, holding wreath and
palm ; to 1., ^ .

below, ^ .

BALIAEUJN BACI-
AEUJM raHAacjDA

PnY The kins r., on
horseback j holds ankus
in extended r. hand; to

p,2.

below, "P ,

{Maharajasa rajarajana tradatasa
devaimla-ifa Qudajiliaram). Siva,
facing ; holds in r, hand, trident ;
in 1., palm.

» 1., 6 ; to r,

y

[PI. xsn. S.]

,. [I. 0. C]

{A for ^ ill inacr.)

T1~v^ :i^a^ a"l~'^
TTHt,? 1X79 •..

(Maharaja rajaraja maJiaiam . .
devairata Giulapharatia) . Siva,
facing ; r. extended ; in 1., trident.

[I, 0. C. PI. xxii. 9.]

(S) Dnse nJoer ,- ti/jie, Nike.

lA CIA€

Tlie king, diad., seated
1, on throne with back ;
on the top of wiiich
^ ^ ; r. hand raised.

AAOWNAO* Nike r
liolds wreath and paLm.

tol., 'T; tor.,*. [PI. XXII. 10.]

* The misaing letters look like rV laita (for rnUra ?).

f Thia coin, na well as aoma of thoao which prooedo it, is apparently
ihoUy or almost wholly mada of copper; bat the nfttnTe ol tho types iniU-
itoa th.it it vtaa inboaded to paaa ftmong tho debused silver coina of thi
jieriod.

^^P GOKDDFHABXS. lOB^H

E

Wt.

\s:

Obverae,

Ravorsa. 1

(e) Copper ; type, Nike. 1

■ 13

^■9

BACIAEilL OITH-
PdC YNAattiEP-

PDV Bust of the kmg
r,, diad.

tasa). Uike r, ; holds wreath and
palm.

14

MX-

15

^■96

' 16

^^■95

17

jE'85

((Oforilminscr.).

■ 18

-s:-95

19

^■9

20
'J

^■9

' 1

^■9

(inscr. begins BACIA-
EON).

[I. 0. C. PI. xsii. 11.]

I

{0 Bronze; aqiiare.

}

EtArnV EfAADV
rnNAA sic. King
L, on horseback; re-
ceived by Nike, who
holds wreath.

TX--^^7 TT-M'J

( dhamika^a ajirati/iatasa

devafratam (devahadam) Gada-
phara^a). ^ .

22

11

^■85

t.ol.,^;tor.,l.

[I. 0. C. Pl.xx.li. Vi.\

GBEI;k and SOYTBtO KIHQB op BAOTRLA AIs'D tNDU,

U9-8 ^-9
153-4 M-8l
138- ^1-8
US' JR-8
129-5 ^-8
■ 154:'3 M 8;

134-9

^1-8

(ij) Base silver ; wtY/i ihstj". Saaaea.

Qscr. corrupt. The king,
dial!., r., on horseback ;
r. littiid taieed; tor., S..

below, y^j tor., I'.

„ ? h.

„ imoertain letters.

„ •fi A.

„ f „

(obscure).
Similar,

7^\7P T1~" T"y'l~"

"F^n'H^y (Ma/iarajam

mahalasa devalratasa {demliu-
dasa) Gadapkaraea) ; in ex.,
TTT (Sasfflsffl). Zeus, diad.,
standing r. ; r. hand adronced ;
in L, long sceptre ; to L, 1^ .

toljuncertainletter; tor., % ff^ h.

below, A; tor., 7 A.

., -f;

(obscTire).

T^"i^^^ T^^~^

T^VC,J {Mahara

rajadirajasa Gadapharasa);

ines., TTT(Sa8(i«a). Zens 1.
:Nike in extended r. hand.

tol.,

; to r.,

[T.O.C. Pl.xin.l3.]

150-
155-5
, ISOl

M-85

ABDAGASES.
(a) Copper ; as Kin

BACIAGWC CWTH-

POC A[BAAr]ACoV

Bust of the king r., diad.

{Tradaiwta mafiarajwa Amdaga-
saxa). Kike r., holding wreath and

[PI. xxiii. l.I
to I., uncertain lotters.

nscr. BACIAeYC
CWTHP ).

(^) Sasedlvei

BASIAEYdNTdS
BASrAEWNI AB-
AAfASaY (T^'e
B A of Abdflgnaes' name
read sometiraea as the
first letters of BASIA-
EYnNTnS; the let-
ter which follows BA-
SIAEXIN is uncertain
[lorS?]). The king 1,
on horseback ; m front,

s King's nephew.

Tnf <;77 TICi.

(fiadapharabhradaputrasa maha-
rajasa tmdatiMa Avadagcuaea),
ZeuB, standing r. ; holds sceptre ;
r. hand advanced,

tol, 7

oi., VI; lor., y b.

\ „ ■ „

a.

I AND aOVTniC KINGS OF BAOTRIA AND INDIA.

U9-5
U9'2 J
U6-4 ^
142-5 J
168-5
142 4
150-2
124-4
1-21-,

^■95

^■85
^■85

BASIAEYoNTdS
BASIAECJNI AB-
AArASaY (The
BAof Abdagaaea'name
read aomotimes as the
tirst letters of BASIA-
EYdNTDS; the let-
ter which follows BA-
SIAEHN is uncertain
[lorS?]). The king 1.,
on horBeback ; in frontj

lol.,~fi.

„ 7-.
„ ^■

„ S.

type r.

ira. rV]NA|i|iEPOA-
AEA«I[AEU1[:

Tnfc,77 7-,£x

{GadapharaWtradaputrasa maha-
rajasa Iradatuea A^adagasaea).
Zeus, standing r, ; holds sceptre ;
t. band adysaced.

to 1,, /f i ; to r., 7y ^

[L O. C]

„ <;■

[

^ r.

[I. 0. C]

[PI. xxiii. 3.]

BACIAEVC

A€UN t
OPeArNHC am

of the king 1., (Had.

OETHAONES.
(a) Brmae,

{Miiharajasa rajatHraJasa mi
tasaGudapharasagabaJ)." Nike
r. ; holds wreath and palm,

^■9

^105

.^■95

.K '9
vE 1-05 i

to 1.. ^ ^ ; to r., >f .

7 [ft;

[PI. JLxnL 9.]

„ {liist letter of
iiiscT. absent).

iB M€rAAOY lilegibk'

OPeArNoY i

tagarl'ht, 'hr<,
lower at l)i^- <■

farmuit 7-

;uQninjjli Bin's reading: lagaba he HnpposeB to atand for

Oil no. 2 of tliQ British Museum coins tbtro is anothor

\ik)i liwkii lilio ^ (B<i 01- rfa), but which uiny Lo a badly

'llO

GBEEK AND SCrTHIO KINOS OP BACTHIA ASD INDIA. 1

No.

wt

UetsL
Size.

OhTBrae.

-

... 1

(a) Bronxe. 1

BACIA€YC BACI-

A€ajN MerAC

HAKOPHC Bust of
the kijig 1., wears tor-
quis ; behind, star.

r(yas.i rajadirajasa maJiafasa Pa- i
kurasa). Nike,f!; holding wreath 1
and palm. ^■ |

1

2

^■95

to L, uncertain letter ; to r., i/^.

3

Ml-

„ uncertain letter ; „ ,, ,

4

M\-

„ 1; „ „

5

M\-

., ., .. » *

G

^-9

„ uncertain letter ; „ „ '

J

^

ZEIONISES.

(a) Silver ; type. King on horsehack.

CATPAPY The king
Ze . . I/IDOY r, on

horsebaclc ; in r. hand
whip ; bow tiied to
saddle; tor., y.

7\fi TAXY T'-IJC
77-92:a TAXY

([JfirailJpM^osa ehhatrapaea putra- j
sa chhatrapasa JikunioBa). King J
r., facing a City who wcara mural "
crown, and holds wreath and cor- .
nucopiae.

1

1 57 '6

.^ro5

beneath, n ^ ■

to 1 , f ; to r,, ^ . [PI. ssiii. 4.] |

A/

139-4L

Hi -05

„ 7an.)othprleUere.

„ .. „ . ^i.o.c; L

ZE.OKIBEB.

1

i

No. w.jr;-

Obyorea. RaveraB.

(j3) STOnsc; types, lion and lull.

]AoYYIYCATPAn[

Humped bull r. ; above,

V.

([Afanti]* gulapufraea chhatrapasa
Jihuniasa). Lion r.

3

^1-

tor..r.

to 1., ^ ; to r., J7 ; below, 2 .

[Pl.xxiii. 5.]

1

4

.El-

., .A-,

„ ,. „ ?.

L

XraCERTAIK KINGS.

F

(a) Bronxe; square.

f

Illegible Greek inscrip-
tion ; in whicb some-
times the word CAT-
PAP and fiometiinea
XAPANIU is Yiaible.
King r„ on horseback ;
lance couched.

Illegible Indian inscription; the
words TA'T.Y {chhatrapaga)

visible. Lion r.

1

^1-

tor., ^.

above, ?r ; to r., X .

\

2
3
4
5

^1-

JF. -85
M-8

,., M.

,. .> „ „ [PI. xxiii. 6.]

„ ,. „ „ [i.o. C.]

i

6

JE-S

„ T.

.. X ,. „ „

1

• Or maiigulan. This ia bu
Zeioninei!. The word /i/mnimo
meoi ia hronie.

ppoaed to ^■ja ua ftrn -wi-cqis -A 'i.>ia V».'Ca«
18 uQl ii\e»T on tn^-BiViJtt'aT.VosB-o:"'-*'

112

GREEK AND aOriHlO KINGa OP BACTBIA AND iNDtA. 1

No.

Wt.

Metfl].
Size.

Obvorsa. ReverBO.

(y3) Bronze; romtd.

Deb[ised Greek legend.
Humped bull i. ; abqve,

Undetermined Indian legend. Bae-
trian camel r.

7

j3i-9

to r., uncertaia letter.

to r., 5 ; abuve, A .

8

M '85

..

9

^,■9

M

„ uncerbtin letter.

10

^■95

„ y'.

„ ^ . [PI. XXIH. 7.]

11

MS

„ "tJ.

..

13

.E-95

'■ "

„ uncertain letter, 1

13

iE'9

to r., uneertoin letter. ]

14

^-9

„ ^.

above, uncertain letter; tor., Z X < j

■

15

^■75

aboTC, BA W ; to r., iin-
cgrlain letter.

to r,, uncertain letter.

(inscr. y^^r^^&c.)

16

.E '65

..

to r., uncertain letter.

[Various readingg of tlieae two claaaes of coins liave been pub- 1

lisked by Gen. CunninRbam. J. A. S. B. 1854, m. 695, 698 ; 1

^^^^i^^m

r

1

,>fo.

wt

Metal.
Size.

Obvereo.

Rev...

1

SANAEAEES.
(a) Silver.

1

Bust of the king 1., wear-
ing tiara of late Par-
thian form, and torqnia ;
behind, Ai n (art).

BACIAEYC MErAC CANABA

King dressed in Parthian style,
seated r. on throne with bauk ;
holds bow.

1

58-5

^•75

in front, m ; alwvo, FIT -
[PI. XXIII. 10.]

{/i) Srome; Parthian cIms.

Head of tlie king I., diad.
Inscr. (1)

BACIAE [lANABAPHE King
seated r. on stool ; holds bow.

1 3

^■65

in front, H. [PI. xxm. 11.]

3

.^■65

4

M-6

A

„ n. (barhnmUB).

(y) BroiiXi ; Bactrinn cliigs.

BAIIACYI...? (cor-
mjit). Enstofthnking

EANAdAPOY Niker.,

holds wreath.

]., wearing tiam.

5

/E-8S

[PI. xxn.. 12,]

/

\

_

^^

•

**

u

GREKK AND 8CTTHTC KINGS OP BACTRU AND INPIA. 1

No.

Wt.

Jlotnl.

Si™.

Obcerse. Reverse. 1

1

BASILEUS SOTEE MEGAS.

(a) Base giloer; with Greek (in^ hulian legends.

BACrA€YC BA:C|.
A€YU<N CulTHP
M£rAC The king
r., on horseback; r.
Imud adyanccd; to r.,

{Maharajam raja]diny'asa [ma]- '
haiaga tradatam), Zeus, BtandinR J
r., clad in himation ; r. hand' '
raised ; in 1., sceptre. *

1

14C-4

^■9

to I , ^ ; to r., uncertain ohioct.

03) Copper; mih Gretk IcgendB.

Bust of the iing r., diad.
and radiate; hand liolds
lance, bound witli fillet ;
behind, "^ .

BACIAEVC BADAEVUIN
LIUTHP MErAC (frequratly
blunderoil). Tl.o king t., on horec-
back, diad,; liolda ankiia^ tor.,"^.

2

M -8

3

^■8

[PI. I%11. 2.]

i

^■8

5

^■8

[r. 0. C. PI. ISIT. 3.]

6

^-.•^

[I. 0. C] ,

/!■] 'S

^^^^^1

1

BASILEUH HOTER MEGA 3.

^■86
^■75

M -5,5

.]■: ■-->
-i: -e,

.'E -5

Bust of the king r., diad.
and mdiate ; haQdholda
lance, Ttound witli fillet ;
behind, "^ .

BACIAEVC
CUJTHP I AC (fii.
lilundered). .e king r., oi
back, diod. ; holds aukiul h

(inscr. ends BACIAElUNCUl'

(inscr. harbaroTis). [I. 0. C]

BACIAEVC BACIAEVliJN
CUJTHP M 8iiiular.

Lr. 0. c. ri. xmv. 4,]

[I. 0. C]
(iiistf. I)nrljiirui.i.sy

16

0,

EEK AND SOVTUia Kisas of BACTKIA AND INDIA.

No.

wt.

MftBl. 1 obvorue

Ro^erae. 1

RiiKt of the king r., diad.;
.or„tf.

]EACIA[£(JJN]CUTHPM[

Zl'Iis, HtauJingl.; holds in r. hand,
thunderbolt over altar; in L, seep-.
tie.

23

JE-7

24

M-1

!

25

^■1

IStL^t of the king L, wear-
ing crested helmet; in
r. hand, lance : fillet
horder.

(injcr... BACIAEYUH ).

(H. xsiv. 5.]

BACIAEV BACIAeVlurN
CllUTHP MerAC King on
horsehaek r., holding aukus ; to

2G

M -95

to 1., ^ ; to r., "^ .

27

M-SS

" •• ■• •■

[L 0. C. PI. XXIV. 6.]

i

HERAtJS CEEAUS).

(a) Silver.

liust of the king r., diad.:
lillBt-border.

TY/ANNqYNTdC H/AnY
XM\ A Mo/MNdY* The

king r., on hciMehutk ; how and
quiver tied to sadiUe ; behind, , '
Nike r,, crowning him. 1

^^^^^^1

p

UVHOODES.

1

No.

wt.

Metal.
Sim.

ObTflrae.

Ravorae,

HYECODES.

(a) S(7i-e?' ; (ype, a Deity standing.

YPKIOAOY Bust of
the king wilh jjeaked
beard r., diad.

MAKAPOY APAHGPOY

Figure of a Deity (1), faeing; holds
RpenT in r. band ; flames on
sboulders.

1

44-9

Jl-66

[PI. XXI,. 8.]

2

43-6

(R-7

3

45-2

*-65

[I. 0. C]

i

27-5

^■7

VLKUAOY Similar.

OAKAPO OVHOP SiDiilar.

5

u-

*-7

6

7
8

425
39-7

51-5

^■65
A -65
^■7

[I. 0. C]
[PI. XX.V. 9.]

9

30'

yR-55

Carbiiroiia imitation of tho
above.

IJarbanms imitation.

[I. 0. C]

10

20'2

^■55

11

23-2

^■6

1

12

26-

M-6

[PI. xxiv. 10.]

1

L

13

17-5

M-55

-^

\

18

OREHii AND aCYTHIO K1KG3 OF BAgTBlA AND INDIA. 1

No.

Wt.

Metal.

OW..

4

RnverBe.

Eiivbaroua imitation fur-
tlier degraded.

Barbarous itaitation. '

14

34-4

^■55

[I. 0. C]

15

19-

^■5

16

17'6

^■55

17

12'3

^■5

jl

18

10-

^■55

1

19

13'8

/It, '45

1

20

101

M-i

[PI. xuv. 11.] «

03) Silver; tupe, hornc.

VPKCOA Euat of the
liing r., diad.

VPKWA Foisparlot bridled horse

21

23-3

M-55

22

23-8

Al-5

[Pl.JDOT. 12.]

23

23-5

JR-5

24-

14-

M-i5

[I. 0. C]

25

10-8

M-5

26

11-2

vR -45

^^^^^B

5 M-G'.

KINGS OF UNCERTAIN
«APADBIZES (0-

» SUvei:

Bust of a king r., • ^^i-
niet like that of Eiicra-
tides.

lehiLd, AVE€I HA
„ CAHAABrZ
„ CAnAA'BIZHC

NANAIA Lionr
NANAIA

[I. 0. C. PI, XXIV. 14.]

[I.CC. PI. XXIV. 15.]

PIlsEI0AC!lAi;i;^(7).
(a) Sih: ,:
Rust (if S^ylliitm king r.,

37 Al-G

I

CflCEtrA nernkl.'s, fium-; ho
XAnC ill V iKui.l, cluli;

[I. (». (":. PI. .\xiv. IC]

120 GREEK AND SCTTHIO KESQS OP BALTRl.V AND INDIA. I

No,

wt.

Jlatnl.
Size.

Obverao,

11

'1
HEEMAEUS AND KABPHISES I.

(a) Gfijiper ; ij/pp of rer., HeTaJdes.

BASIAEI2Z ZTH-
PCIZ IV EPMAlav

(oftm eomipted). Bust
of Hermaeus r., diad.

T<;->twJ (iSijiiio teomll
hushana yani(T)!jiua ilhravial/iiAi
ifaaa). Heraklos, facing, diad.jll
hold, in p. iiand, dnh ; in 1., lion'sl
■Irin. ■

1

*'9

1

5

^■86

1

3

yE-9

'"

4

*-9

[I. 0. C. PI. iiv. IJ

5

.E-9

1

6

^■9

[I. 0. C] 1

7

S-S

,j

8

MS

9
JIL

^■85

^^^^^1

p

HERMAEU3 AND SADPHIBKa. ^

Lv,

r
No.

Wt,

Size.

ObTarae.

E„.™.

t

»

BAriAEnZ ZTH-
Paz ZV EPMAiaV

(often corrupttil). Bust
of Hcrmaeua r., diad.

JfMasa kiis/iam yav/t{1}ijam dhra-

diad.i hild. in-r. hand, dub; in L,
lion's skin.

11

^■9

lower line of inscr.
ZAEoV

12

JE-9

inscr. retrograde.

inscr. varied. [Pi. xxv. 2.]

13

JE-9

inscr. retrograde and bar-
barous.

14

Ml-

twice struck.

iiiacr. varied ; in field, V .

15

Mj8

degraded copy.

degraded copy.

16

-S-75

■■

17

JE-S5

"

18

M-7

"

19

^■7

»

20

iE-6

■•

21

^■G

\

*"

23

G

EEK. AND BOVTUIC KlNOa OP BACTRIA AKD IKDIA. T

No.

Wt.

": Obv«r»B.

ItoTerae, 1

KADPHISES I.

(a) Cojiper; type, HeTukk«.

Iiiacr. as iDelow. Bust of
lIiii-niaeuBr., diad.

mathidam). Herakles, facing, diad.;
hold, in r. hand, clut ; in L, lion's
akin.

1

M-9d

KnPCNAKaZDVAn-
KAActJlZDV

in field, 5 *1. [r.O. C. PI.xsv. 3,]

2

^■95

KazaVAaKAAc&l-
Zav

[I, 0. C] (inscr. v.pisd).

3

iE-9

KapDl/IAKnZnVAn

„ J yi . [PI. av. 4.]

i

^E-85

HaKAACplCHOH

„ A. (inacr. Taried). ■

5

;e-9

AAi;ilZ

,, Tincertain letter. „ „

fi

,^■9

cfilZQVKDAi:

„ 5 1.

7

^■9

K.-ZaYAQKAA ZV

„ i t . [1. 0. c]

8

M-85

iiiscr. blundered.

„ "X.. [I.O.C]

^^^^^^1

So.

Wt.

MataL
SUe.

OhyersB. HayorsB.

KADAPHES.

(o) Bi-mize; type of rev., king seated.

XOPANCY ZAooY"
KOZOAA KAAA

♦ EC Head of the
kiiig r., diad. (closely
teaeiiibling that of Au-
gustus).

dhramatkidasa). The king aeated
r. on seat like curule chair ; hia r.
hanil extended ; in field 1., A .

1

^■8

[PL xxv. 6.]

2

M-7

3

M-7

■

4

2E-7

[I. 0. C]

5

^■7

ILO.C]

6

iE-7

CI. 0. C]

7

^■75

8

.E-7

to 1-,, 2 . [I. 0. c]

9

^■7

„ ..

10

/E-7

„ „

11

JE-65

barbarous inscr. ; head 1.

• Tho firRt O in ZAOOY
»l»)«n by tho ccrroapondiiig Sa

1«rl)aroua. [I. 0. C]

baa been toai w »0 ■. \>^^-«t™*^^»*'^

124

EEK AND SCTTIUO KINGS OF BACTBIA, AND INDU.

No.

Wt.

MoUJ.
Size.

Otiverae.

ReTBrtw, 1

KADPinSES 11.

(a) G(jJd ; type, figure or head of king.

BACIAEYCOOH Mo-
KAA*ICHC The

king, wearing helmet
and diadem, Beated fa-
cing on throne ; head
turned to I. ; flamee as-
cend from his shoul-
ders;* in his right a
Lranch ; haneatli his feet
a footstool; tor., ^.

^LXynfh^'^ (Maha-
rajaaa rajadirajasa, sarmtoga isva-l
rasa vialtiavai-ana hi{f)T>>aJiapi.sasa\
tradata). Siva facing, head I. ;l
holds trident in r. hand ; drapery 11
over L arm and hanging at back ;I|I
flames rising from head; bubinilH
him, humped bull r.; to L, jy. 1

1

24i'2

A^-95

to I., dub.

Same inscr. The king,
Tearing helmet and
diadem, seated facing,
erosB-legged, on clouds ;
head turned to r. ; in
his I. is a cluhj his
head is surmounted by
a tiident ; to 1., ^.

[I. 0. C. PI. XXV. 6.]

Similar.

''1

2

243-

A"l-

Same inscr. Upper part
of the king r., emerging
from clouds ; wears hel-
met and diadem, and
Groek clilamys; club
i)ir. himd; k) 1., ?f .

[PL xxv. 7.] j

Same inscr. (( of i^arasa wanting). '
Siva lacing, wears headdress and ''
drapery over shoulder ; holds tri- '
dent in r. hand ; behind him bull
r.;tol., W. 1

3

122-4

A' -r '1

^^^^^B

KADPHISES II.

■ Jl'-] Wl. 1;^^' \ ObY.™. 1 R„.r.i,,

\

BACIAEYCOOH Mo
KAA*ICHC Simi-
lar, liing wears diaJeni,
l)ut not helmet.

rqjava Tojadirajma, sarvaloga is-

/rorfa^a), last letters obscure. Siva
facing, weara headdreaB and dra-
pery over Bhouliler ; holds trident
in r. hand ; behind him bull r. ;

toi., y.

4

123-2

if -75

Similar.

[I. 0. C. PI. XXV. 8.]

Same inscr. (last letters obaciire).
Siva facing, head L ; holds in r.
hand, trident and battle-axe com-
bined ; in 1., gourd ; tiger-skin on
1. arm; hair arranged in spiral
form; to L, ^ ; to r., ^ .

6

120-

Ml

Same inacr. Upper part
of the kiDg L, emoi^ng
from clouds, wears dia-
dem aiid helmet aur-
mounted by trident ;
holds in r. hand, club ;
in L, elephant-goad ; to

[I. 0. C]
Similar.

6

122-

nil

[I, 0. C. PI. xxv. 9.]

1 '

121-2

M-7

Same inacr. Upper part
of tlia king r., emerging
fcom clouda, wears dia-
dem and helmet sur-
mounted by trident ;
holds in r. hand, dub;

Similar.

'

121-2

J? -85

tol., iKf.

\l.Q.Z\

9

122-4

*■-»

126 GREKK AND aCVTniO KINGS OP BACTKIA AND IKDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

ObverBe.

RsTerse.

BACIAEYCooHrMO
KAA<l»ICHC Head
of king r., wearing hel-
met and diadem; wiiliin
Bquare frame.

{M<ihamia rajadiri^a hivia Jcapi-
stMa). Trident and iMttle-axecom-
l.in«di lol., ??; tor., W.

10

30 '5

^■45

'

[PL xsv. 10.]

(fi) Silver; type, Mug xtanding. 1

■

BACIA6VC BACI-

A€tON M€rAC
OohMO KAA4>I

ChC The king Btand-
ing L, wearing diadem
and helmet, sacrificing
at altar; to 1., trident
and axe combined; to r.,
club and ^.

'n£'T. (Maliarajasa rajndira-
Jma sarvaloga i-vara mahismra
Urmkapkasa tradaia). Siva J
facing; wears headdress and dta- Jl
pery over shoidder ; holds trident ■
in r. hand ; behind him, huU r. M

[L 0. C. PL XXV. 11.] '

11

56-5

yR7

[This coin, which is quite gennino, is the only known specimen .)
of the class in silver.] 1

(r) Cojpper i type, king standing.

[Inscription on both aides varied and incomplete in various

specimens.]

BACIA€VC BACI

A€a)N COJTHP
MerAC OOHMO
KAMICHC The

king 1., sacrificing at
altar ; to ]., trident and
axe combined;tor., club
and ^.

"l£\Tnf7'W'A {Maha-

rajasa rajadirt^aea, sarvaloga is-
vuTosa mahisvarasa kimakapisaea
tradata). Siva facing, holding
trident ; draperv hanging at hia .
back ; behind him, bnU; to l.,y. 1

]2

^1-1

[L 0. C. PI. XXV. 12.] 1

Imi-iI

J

^

H KADPHISES U. 127

No.

Wt.

"izt!' Obveraa. Reverse.

BAC1A€VC BACI-
A€CON CWTHP
M€rAC OOHMo
KAA*1CHC The

king 1., sacrificing at
altar ; to L, trideat and
axe comLiiied ; to r., club

andiS-

-l£^T^f^w')t- (Maha.

varasa mahisvaraga himakapisasa
irailata). Siva facing, holding
tiidont; drapery hanging at hie
back ; behind him, buU ; to 1., W .

14

^1'06

[I.O.C]

15

^1-1

„

16

^M

„

17

^ro5

-

18

^1'25

(twiue struck).

19

Ml-

20

.^105

31

^11

22

Ml-05

23

.^116

24

Ml-lb

23

.Ell

2C

^1'

in inscr. T*1^2^ between second
and third words.

\

i

-i

(«} Ooftf; iMi»i!riftiiMt fitunk^ fiunMmt.

BACIACYC BACI CAAHNH S«J«n«* (mtd«) I.,
ACtUN KANHP- «liatl-. v>lit>l in oltitxxt mhI hiiatititMi;
ejwwnt hohiixl slwuKlwa ; r, luunl
adviinvMl ; )ih1iI« in I. liMtji m«itl)v,
bound witU fiUiel ; sirotil gitt
rouud wnUl ; to I., Tjf .

KOY Tlio kiiifi
wnMring tidiitet luttl dia~
dijni, dad iu iCKMt and
trouwra. uid dottk, s»-
criliuiugAtaltw; dunas
riso from shouldoia ;
h\3\<is in 1. hand, spear.

(I. 0. C. R ssvi. 1.)

(fi) Bnwaf ; iHM-rii'HoH, jSatnAnV fiwtkittif.

BACIA€YC BACI
A€U)N KANHP-

KOY The king w
above.

HAIOC ll<di.^ 1., diad.. vhA in
ditUm and ttiuiatiMi ; railiato dltk
bcbiiid head ; r. band adTauotd ;
I. on hip; tol.lf^.

[I. 0. C. PI. xsvi. i.]

NANAIA Nanain r., iiiiulmtu and
diail. ; \iM» in r. bnixl «D«{itn!
ending in ri.ii\<t»rt uf horHo ; to

[I. 0. C. VI XXVI. 3.]

■ Tha fl((uro o( Solona l« IJimtlo*! with tlmt vtUeh »p\«M» •st.'JMi wJw\
Innrlbod MAO ; it 1> th«l dI k mula uimu->]lu\V^ . ^

GREEK ASD SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTKIA AXD INDIA,

IN -15
N-1b

(7) Gold ; inst

PAONANOPAOKA
NhPKlKoPANO

The king standing I.,
wearing helmet and dia-
dem, clad in coat and
trousers, and cloak ;
flames rise from his
ahuuldera ; he holda in
r. liand elepliant-goad
over altar; in his 1.,
spear ; sword at his

C™,. dio).

SimOai'.

riiiiion, PAONANO &c.

A9PO Bearded deity, fire-god, L,
iliad., clad in chiton and hinia-
tion ; holds in r. hand, ■wroatli;
in 1,, which rests on hip, tongi
tol., ?J.

[PI. XXVI. 4.]

[I. O. C. PI, xsvi. 5.]

APAOXPO Female figure r., wea
ing modius and nimbate, clad i
chiton and himation ; holds corni
copiae; to r., \f .

[PI. XXV!. 6,]

APOOACno Bearded deity
diad.,clad in sleeved tunic; holds
r, hand, wreath ; beside him, horse
r., saddled, trotting ; to 1., Jy .
[PL

\

..7.]
c die). [1. 0. C]

BOAAO Buddha, facing, nimljate,
clad in chiton and himation ; r.
hand advanced ; in 1., wallet :

PAONANOPAOKA
NhPKIKoPANO

The kinj; standing ).,
wearing lielmet and dia-
dem, clud in coat and
trousers, and cloak ;
flames rise from liia
shoulders; he holds in.
r. hand elephan:
over altar; in 1_
sjjnar ; sword at &18

MAO Male c

diad., clad ill'

crescent beh

hand advance

sceptre, bouti.

■^ti

girt round wais

.L,to.

"i""'V'''"

I'J, W2 .V-5

[PI, XXVI. 9.]

M€IPO Mithras, diad. and with
radiate disk, to 1.; r. Tiand ad-
vanced ; in 1., sceptre bound with
fillet ; BworJ girt round waist ;
U- I., ^ .

MIlPO Millir;is, to 1. ; r. hand ad-
vanced ; 1. V(."*ts on hip ; sword at
waist; tn 1. tj.

|l'l. XXVI. 10,]

NANA Xan;iia r., ninilwte an
diad., Ik'UiI Mirmuuutwl by cm
v..:nt; lioM.s Roei>tre ending i
f..ri..parl of li<)r^.-., and patera

1-1). [PI. XXVI. Il.l

OREES AND 8CTTH10 KINGS OP BACTRIJ AKD ISHIA.

1 jr-75

^■75

PAONANOPAOKA

NhPKIKOPANO

The king standing 1.,
wearing helmet and dia-
dem, clad in coat and
troasers, and cloak ;
flamea tise from hie
shoolders ; he holds in
r. hand elephant-goad
over altar; in hia 1,
spear ; ewoid at his
waieL

PAONANOKANHP Kr

KOPANO Bust of tb.
kiogL, diad-andwearing
helinot ; I. hand raiaed,
holds epear ; body emei^
gus from clouds.

OKPO Siva I., nimbate; hair i
horn on top of head ; has fon^
anuB andhanda, in which he holdJj
respectively a vase, a dram, i
trident, and a goat, the last tin
the horns ; to 1,, fj ,

[PI. xin. 13.]

[I. O. C]

p. 0. C. PI. xxn. 14.]

OPAAPNO War-god CBahram ?)
r,, wearing diadem, helmet sar-
monnted by eagle, and clad liki
the king; holds in r. hand, spear
in 1, sword ; to t, fj .

[PI. ixvi. 15.]

♦APPO Male figure to r., diad. and
nimbate, clad in chiton and hima-
tion ; holds epear in 1. hand, and

r.,ry.

[PI. XXVI. 16.]

A9PO Bearded deity 1., clad
cliiton and himation ; holds io
Land wreath; in 1., which rests
on hip, tongs ; to L, fj

[I. 0. C. PI. xxvL 17.]

KIJOIRKES. 133 T

No.

wt.

MoUL

OlivBrae.

Reyerse. 1

Later jieriod. 1

33

30-6

W-5

PAO NANOPAfO
[KA]NHPKOKoPANO

Tbe king Btanding 1. at
nJtar, nimbate ; liolda r.
Land over altar; in I.,
Bpear bound with fiUat ;
to ]., trident bound with
fillet.

A]PAOKPO Goddess, seated facing
on throne, nimbate ; tmtter feet,
footstool ; holds imath and cor-
nucopiae to 1,, fj .

[I. 0. C. PI SXYI. 19.]

HI

(S) Brome ; VTiscr. PAO ^c. 1

34

Mias

PAOKA NhPKI The

kin^, clad a? in last class,
standing 1. by altar ;
holds in L hand epear ;
r. BTtended over altar.

AOPO Bearded deity L ; holds in
r. hand, -wTeath ; in 1., -which rests
on hip, tongs (?) ; to 1., ^ .

[PL xxvu. 1.]

3&

JEV

i

36

JEl-05

inscr. barbarous.

fiimilftT.

OAYOBOY Enaab. facim, uim.
CAKAMA bote i hi. r. hmd

raiBedHBinteacbiiig;ujl.,waUet;

lol.,S-

t' 37

M-B5

[PI. iivn. 2.]

36

^■9

Similar.

[L 0. C]

MAO M Je deitj 1, dad a. king ;
crescent behind shoulders; r. hand
advanced ; in 1., long sceptre
bound with lillet; sword at waist;
tol,?J.

39

^1-05

king nimliate ; to 1., fj ,

[PL 3:XTji. 3.]

40
41

_

Ml -05
M -85

deity does not hold seex-Ue., \

134

GliEEK AND HCYTHIO KINOS OF BACTJUA AND INmA. |

No.

Wt.

M.'Ul.

ObTDrao.

Revorae.

PAOKA NhPKI The

king standing 1. as be-
fore ; holds ill 1. band
spear j r. extended over
altar.

MAO Male deity 1., clad 08 kin
cresuBDt behind shrmldere ; r. lifi
advanced; in I., long soefrt
bound with fillet; sword at wais
lol-, lS.

42

JE-75

to I,, "^ . (inscr. retrogr.)

(insor. retrogr.)

43

M-75

., »

deity does not hold sceptre.

44

JL-TS

.. »

»

45

^■5

Similar,

M lOPO Sun-god, Mithras, 1., diad.
with radiate disk, clad as king;
r. hand advanced; in I., sword J

46

^1'05

[PI. x^vir. 4.] 1

47

JCl-Oo

48

^1'

insur. MIIPO.

49

^M

..

50

i^K'S

II „

51

vE-85

52

^■65

53

^■7

SiraUar.

inscr. MIYPO.

NANA Nanaia r., ninibata and
diad. ; holds sceptre, ending in
forepart of horso, and patera ; to

54

;i';i'05

[I. 0. C. I'l ssvii. 5.]

^^^^^^^^^B

■ KANERKE3. 135 1

No.

wt.

Metal.
SizB,

ObTorsB.

Raverae.

PAOKA NhPKr The

king standing 1. by
altar ; holds in 1. hand
spear ; r, extended over
altar.

NANA Nanaia r., nimbate and
diad. ; holds sceptre, ending in
fornpart of horse, and patera; to

57

M-7

tol.,^.

58

^■7

» »

59

M-7

>i »

'

60

M-55

61

M-6

Similar.

OAAO Wind-god running 1., his
hair loose ; holds in both hands
ends of his gannent which floats
about liim ; to 1., ^ .

62

M\-05

[L 0. C. PI. xxvii. 6.]

63

^1-05

[1. 0. C]

64

^1-06

65

/E-65

r

Similar.

OKPO Siva I., nimbate; has four
arms and hmuls, in which he holds
a wreath, a drum, a trident, and a
vasejtol., ¥?.

66

^1-

[I. 0. C]

C7

^1-

1

68

M-8

{

69

JE.-8

[I. 0. C. PI. xxvii. 7.]

70

JE-75

Similar.

to L, ly .

OKPO Siva !., nimbate ; holds in
r. hand, trident ; to 1., ^ .

(not iiim.'\ia.\fiY

i

71

A^ -n

136

oheek amb scythio kinds op bactkia akd isbia, 1

No.

wt.

Malal.
Sue.

ObTerss, RoTBrsa.

r

HOOEKKES. ll

(a) Gold. 1

PAONANOPAOO

Upper part of king 1.,
emerging ftom clouds;
is diad. and nimbato ;
wears conical helmet
and coat of mail ; holds
car of com and apoar.*

AGOPO Hophaeetua etandiug rj|
ilamea rising from shonlderaHi
holds hammer and tonga : to t.M

1

121-5

jV'8

PAONANOP AOOOh-
PKIKO Similar.

[H. «v,, 8.]
AePO Similar.

2

]23'5

W85

ll

PAONANOPAOOO
hPKIKoPANO

Similar.

Similar ; symbol to 1.

1
1

3

130'9

.ff -85

II

Similar.

1

APAeiXPO Sun-god L, diad. and
with nidiate disk ; r, hand ad-
vanced, and two fingera raised ; L
rests on hip ; to 1., 5? .

C

123-5

AT '85

[PI. XXTII. 9.j

^^^^^H

PAONANOPAO OO
hPKIKoPANO

Upper part of king 1.,
emerging from clouds ;
diad. and nimbate
weara conical helmet
and coat of mail ; holds
ear of cota and spear.

■■ PAONANO OOh

PAONANO PAOO
ohPKIKOPANO

Upper part of king 1.,
euierging from clouds,
diad. ; wears rounded
helmet ; holds ear of
com and elephant-goad.

inacr. OYOhPKr
OOhPKI.

PAONANOPAO
oohPKOKOpANO

Thii kiriy r., riding oi
elephant ; holda aceptn
and elephant-goad.

cornucopiae ; to r., ^ .

[PI. xxvu. 10.]

to r., fire (J).

•. APAOXPA. [I. 0. C]

tjpe 1., and symbol to 1. [I. 0. C]
[I. 0. C]

Similar.

deity with modius and nimbus.

.osoASA-

type 1., and symbol to 1.

deity with modius and nimbus.
[PL xivii. 11.]

Similar. Deity with modius
nimbus.

\YVxS-'lv\.. \^^

138 GREEK AND aCVTQlC KINGS OP EACTBIA AND IKDIA. 1

No.

Wt,

MeUL

Size.

ObverBO.

Reyorae.

Inaer. obscure. Upper
part of king 1,, emerg-
ing from cloudB, diad. ;
weara rounded helnmt ;
bolda ear of corn mid
elephant-goad.

AOXPO Female figure 1., nimbate ;
holds wreath and comucopiae ; to

19

122 '5

N-8

[PL xxvii. 13.]

20

123-3

N-&

PAoNANOpAOOO
hPKlKoPANO

Upper part of the king
1., emerging from clouds,
diad. and Dimbate ;
wears conical helmet
and chlamys over ar-
mour; holds ear of
com and spear.

MIOPO Female deity r., diad. and
nimbate, in Greek attire; holds
comucopiae in both hands ; to r.,
%

21

123-

N-8

PAONANOPA
OOOhPKI The king
seated crosa-leggcd to
]., diad. and nimbate ;
flames rieii^ from shoul-
ders ; wears conical hel-
met, and holds ear oi
com and spear.

[P1.XXV.I.14,]

hPAKIAO Bearded Heracles 1.,
naked ; holds in r. hand, club ;
over 1. arm, lion's skin; in I.
hand, apple; tol., "J^.

22

123'3

N-8

[Fh sxvri. 15.1

23

125-5

jV-8

PAONANOPAOO
OhPKIKOPANo

Upper part of the kiuf,
1., emei^ng from clouds
diad. ; weara roundec
helmet ; holds ear o:
com and elephant-goad

MAAChNO Male deity (Mahi-
Bena) facing, nimbate and diad.,
clad in coat and chlamys ; holds
in T. hand, standard surmounted
by bird ; in I, aword ; to L, ifj .

ri. 0. C. PI. xsvii. 16.] J

I241i12-7\m -75

4

HOOEBsae, 139 ^

\-

Wt

MelBl.
Size.

ObTerea.

BoYorso.

I

1

PAONANOpAOO
OhPKlKoPANO

Upijer part of the kiDg
1., emerging from cloucla,
diad. ; weara rounded
helmet; holds ear of
com and elephant-goad.

MANAOBAro Moon^oi facing,
seated on throne; feet resting od
footstool ; wears helmet ; crescent
behind shoulders; has four arms
and hands, in three of which he
grasps sceptre, wreath) and fire J,
fourth hand rests on hip ; to r.,

[Pl.ji™.17.]

h^

122-

N-75

26

122-6

Jf -8

27

122-3

A- -85

PAONANOPAOO
OhPKIKoPANo

Upper pai-t of the king
I., emei^ing from clouds,
diad. and nimbate ;
wears conical helmet
and coat of maU ; holds
car of corn and spear.

Similar.

MAO Mooa-god 1., crescent behind
shoulders; clad in coat; holds
wreath and sceptre ; sword at
waist; to 1., ^.

[PI. XXVII. 18.] 1

M AO Moon-god L, crescent behind
shoulders; clad in cliiton and
chlumys ; sword in 1. ; holds
wreath in r. hand ; to 1., ^.

28

122-2

.^■85

Y

123-2

jr-8

SimUar.

[1 0. C]

MAO Moon-god L ; holds sceptre
in I, ; r. hand advanced ; to 1.,

30

122-6

^■85

PAONANOP

AOOOhPKO Similar

[I. 0. C. PL XXVII. 19.]

MAO Moon-god 1.; r, hand ex-
tended ; in 1., aword ; to 1., J^ .

31

302

^■5

type.

vi.o.c. ■C\.^-£.^^v.^_^A \

40 OBGGE ANU BCVTHIO KIHGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA. 1

No.

wt.

MaUl.

ObTerao.

R....

32

120 '4

^-9

PAONANOPAOO
ohPKIKopANO

Upper part of the king
1,, emerging from clouds,
diad. ; wears ronndeil
helmet, and chlamys
over arnioTir ; holiis ear
of corn and elephant-
goad.

Similar,

MA") Moon-god 1. ; holds sceptre
in 1. hand ; to 1., ^ .

MAO Moon-god 1. ; holds sceptra
ini.handjtol, ^.

33

121-2

*--8

[Pi. xxvii. 21.]

34

122-5

.^-8

Similar.

[I. 0. C]

MAO Moon-god 1.; r. hand ex-
tended ; in 1., sceptre, held trans-
verselyjtol., ^.

35

122-4

^■75

1

36

121-2

^■8

sceptre bound with fillet.

37
38

121-2
123-

.^■85

Similar.

[PI. XXVII. 22.]
(inscr. MAOO).

MAO Moon-gnd 1.; r. hand ex- t
tended; sword in 1. ; to 1., X-

39

122-8

jV-85

40

121-4

A^-8

Similar.

(inacr. MAOO).

MAO Moon-god r., diad.; holds
in r. hand, wreath ; in 1., sceptre ;

41

122-

Jf -8

[PL 23.] ^^H

I

1

■

HOOERKKS.

n

No.

wt

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

ReTerae.

,

_

PAONANOPAOO
OhPKIKOPANO

Upper part of the king

diad. ; wears rounded
helmet, and chlamys

of com and elepliaut-
goad.

Bearded moon-god r., diad.; crescent
behind shoulders; holds in r. hand,
sceptre, bound with fillet ; in 1..

diate; r. hand advanced; in L,
sceptre, bound with fillet ; behind
the two, the names MAO and
M 1 1 PO respectively ; between
them, ^.

42

12M

tf -8

PAONANOPAOOO
hPK€KOpANo

Upper part of the king

difld. and nimbate ;
flames rieing from
shoulders ; wears coni-
cal helmet ; holds ear
of com and apear.

[H. xsvii. 24.]

MIlPO Sun-god 1., nimbate; holds
wreath and sueptre ; sword at
waist; to 1., 5?,

\

43

123-

^■85

1

44

122 3

JV-SS

Similar ; no flamoa.

MOpO Sun-god 1,, radiate; holds
wreath and noeptro ; sword at
waiat; to 1., J^.

'

' 45

123'

^■8

Similar,

[PI. XXVIlt, 1.]

M (OPO Sun-god 1., radiate ; holds
wreath and sceptre, bound with
fillet ; to 1., ^ .

46

121-7

JV-8

Similar ; king holds stan-
dard instead of spear.

CI. 0. C]

MroPO Sun-god 1., diad. and
nimbate; holds wreath and sword;

ioi.,'5f.

47 \ 122-8

AT -8

1^^^^

^

PAONANOPAOOO
hPKIKOpANO

Upper part of tho kin;
1., emerging from elouils
diad. and nimbate
wears conical helmet,
holds ear of com and
spear.

PAOOOh Similar.

P AON A NO PA
OOOhPKI Upper

part of tho king 1.,
emerging from clouda,
diad. ; wears rounded
helmet ; holds ear of
com and elephant-goad.

PAONANOPAOOY
OhPKIKOPANO

PAONANOPAO
OOhPKIKOpANO

Similar.

54 133-2 ^" -85

MIYPO Sun-god 1., diad. and
radiate ; holds wreath and sword
tol., ^.

MIlPO Sun-god r., radiate ; holds
Bpear and sword ; to r., y^ ,
[L 0. C. PL xxTiii. 3.]

MYPO Sun-god I., nimbate
hand advanced ; in 1., sceptre ;
toL, ^.

[I. 0. C. PL xxviii. 3.]

M lORO Sun-god 1., radiate ; holdsfl
wreath and sceptre ; to L, jf .

[I. 0. C]

MIOPO Sun-god L, radiate; r.
hand holds spear; L grasps sword;
tol.,^.

[I. 0. C]

MIOpO S\m-god L, radiate;
hand holds spear ; r. rests o
sword at waist; to L, J^.
[PL xxvni. 4.]

HOOERKES. T

No. Wt.

MetoL
Size.

ObTarsB.

ReverBs. 1

1.

123-

MS

PAONANOPAO
OOhPKIKOpANO

ITppor pnrt of the king
1., emerging from clouds,
diad, ; wears roimded
helmet ; holds ear of
com and elephant-goail.

MtlPO Sun-god 1., radiate; r.
Imnd extenJed; in 1., sceptre,
held transversely, bound with
fiUet ; to 1., 5^ .

56

121-4

s-n

inscr. MIOPO.

57

120 '8

Jf'S

(bust only of king).

58

120-

M'S

„ »

[1. 0. C]

59

122'7

N'B

inacr. MYPO. [I. 0. C]

60

30-2

M-b

1

61

29-5

M-5

Similar.

1
MIPPO Sun-god 1., radiate; r.
band advanced ; 1. holds sword ;

) ^^

120-fi

s-n

toi., 5f.

63

122'3

s-e

inscr. MriPO. [I. 0. C]

64

119v

S-i

,. MIPO.

i

1

Same inacr. Tipper part
of king as alxive, to r.

MIlPO Siniiliir.

65

118-

s-a

Some inscr. Upper part
of king aa above, to 1.

[I. 0. C]

MIlPO Sun-god I., diad. «nd m-
diate ; holds wreath and sword ;

to r., ?y.

66

122-

ifSb

67

■

122-

■

MS

[PI. x.tviii. 5.\ \

dRKEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt,

Metd.

Obverse.

BovaraB.

PAONANOPAO
OOhpKIKOpANO

Upper part of king 1.,
emerfj'ing from clouds,
diad. and nimbate ;
wears conical helmet ;
holds ear of corn and

OMIA Sun-god advancing L, ra-
diate ; r. hand advanced ; 1. holds
sword ; to L, if5 .

V

68

26-

Jf-5

spear.

69

28-8

^■5

[I. 0, C]

TO

30-2

A- '55

[L 0, C. PL sxviii. 6.]

71

122-3

J/" -85

PAONANOPAOOO
hPK€KOPANo

Upper part of king ].,
emerging from clouds,
diad, and nimbate ;
flames rise from shoul-
ders ; wears conical hel-
met ; holds ear of corn
and spear.

PAONANOPAOOO
hPKIKOpANO

Upper part of king 1.,
emerging from clouds,
diad. and nimbate ;
wears conical helmet ;
holds ear of com and

HPO (M6IP07) Artemis stand-
ing r., clad in long chilon and
himation; holds in 1, hand, bow;
and with r., draws arrow from
quiver ; to r., ^ ■

[PL sxvm. 7.]

NANA HanaiaL, wears stephane;
holds sceptre, ending in forepart '
of horse, and patera ; to 1., ^,

72

1217

^■8

spear.
Similar.

[PL XXVIII. 8.]

NANO Nanaia r., diad, and nim-
bate ; crescent on liead ; holds
sceptre and patera ; to r., ^ .

73

I2i-

^■85

[I. 0. c] -M

n

123-

Jf-85

king's name OOhPKO.

iraor. NANA. [I. 0. C] '

75

121-3

jV'85

OhPKO.

H00BBKE8.

1

No.

...

MetftL

SiM.

ObTOrae.

Reverse.

1

PAONANOPAOOO
hPKIKOPANO

Upper part of king l,
emerging from clouds,
diad. and nimbate ;
wears conical helmet ;
holds ear of corn and

NANO Nanaia r., diad. and nira-
bate J crescent on head ; holds
sceptre and patera; to r,, pf .

[

spear.

76

122-9

*--8

king holds double eat of
com.'

[PI. xxviii. 9.]

77

122-5

*--85

king's name OOhPKO.

[T. 0. C]

."

121-2

J7-86

„ . OOhPKG.

inscr. barbarous.

79

122-6

AT -8

.,

„

80

122'6

.^■85

..

[I. 0. C]

81

120-8

*--86

PAONANOPAOO
OhPKoKoPANOPAO

King seated crosadegged
on clouds, head r., diad.
and helmetod ; holds in
L, standard, surmounted
by bird.

NANA Nanaia i., diad. and nim-
bate ; crescent on head ; sword
at waist; bolda sceptre and patera;

tor., S-

1

82

1196

s-e

[I. 0. C. PI. iiviu. 10.]

83

1188

AT -8

PAONANOPAOO
OhPKIKOPANO

"Upper part of the king
]., emerging from clouds,
diad. ; wears rounded
helmet; holds ear of
corn and elephant^goad.

NANAPAO Nanaia r., diad. and
nimbate; crescent on head; sword
at waiat ; holds sceptre and patera;

tor, 5f.

81

121-3

jr-8

[I. 0. C]

■

ft

^

* Thia »peoim8n proTaa that the object in tho king's r. haDd is an ear of
com, ind not a clab aa it has oBiially been Buppoaod to be.

^

r.nr.EK and SOVTBIO KIKOS of BAOTIIU ASD INDIA,

PAONANOPAOO
ohPKIKoPANO

Upper part of the king
i, emerging from clouds,
roiuideil
helmet ; holds ear of
com and elephant-goad.

122-4 J
122- 1
119-7 i

121-4 I

120-
122-4 I
I21-2 1

I21-1 .

NANA Ifauaia t, diad. and
bate ; crescent on head ; holdfe
sceptre in outstretched r. hand
in L, patera ; to 1,, ^ ,

[L 0. C]

•. NANO.

[I. O.C. PI.X5vm. 11.]

iuscr. barbaroua.

^^^^

■ HOOEOKES. U7 ■

No.

Wt.

MeUL
Size.

Olveree,

-

PAONANOPAOOO OANINAA Nike standing 1.; J

hPKCKOPANo

lioids wreath and trophy -staiiii, as '

Upper part of king I.,

on coins of Alexander; to r., X-

El

emerging from clouds.

1

diad. and nimbate ,

1

wears conical helmet

1

flames rising from Bhoul-

ders ; holds oar of corn

and epear.

95

122-

A^-85

[PI. xxviii. 13.]

96

121-7

.^■■8

PAoNANOPAoo
ohPKIKoPANO

Upper part of king I.,
emerging from clouds,
diad. ; flaraea rising
from shoulders; wears
rounded helmet ; holds
ear of corn and ele-
phant-goad.

inscr.OANINAO.

OKPO Siva 1., nimbate; wears
necklace, and has four arms and
bands, in which are (1) vase and
elephant-goad, (2) thunderbolt, (3)
trident, (4) goat ; to 1., X •

97

122-7

A^-8

[PI. xxTiir. U.]

98

121-5

N -S

[I. 0. C] '

99
1

1201

W-8

[user, barbarous. Similar

";

OKPO Siva 1., with four arms and
hands, in which are (1) wreath,
g)1, (3) trident, (4) goat j to 1.,

,00

123-

A" -85

PAONANOPA
OOKPK Upper pari
of king I., emerging
from clouds, diad. and

OKPA Siva facing, three-headed ; X

has four arms and hands, in which
aro vase, thunderbolt, trident, and
club; to I., 5^.

nimbate; wears rounded

helmet ; holds ear ol

corn and standard sur-

\

mounted by biiJ.

llOl 123 2 ^-aj

\V\. ■i.-!.NVW.\'&?i ^

^^^^^M

^^^^^^^^H

■■Us

GREEK AND acVTUlG KINGS OF BAOTRIA AND INttlA. 1

»<•■ ^t- s^

1

PAONANOPA
ooohPKIKOPANO

Upptr part of tliQ king
1., emerging from clouds,
diad. and nimbate ;
wears conical helmet ;
holds ear of com and

OKPO Siva facing, three-headed,
nimbaffl ; clad only in waistband,
ithyphallic ; has fonr arms and
hands, in which ate goat, wheel, .
trident, and thunderbolt; to r.,

spear.

102

1235

N-m

Similar.

[PI. ix-nn. 16.]

PAOPhOPO Ares standing r., in
Greek helmet and armour ; holds
spear, and shield which rests on
ground ; to r., 5^ .

103

123-

N-&

[PI. xxvm. 17.]

104

121-7

MS

iiiacr. Larljarons.

inscr. VAOPHOO . [I. 0. C]

106

1225

AT -85

(l!ist letters of inscr. want-
ing).

PAONANOPAOO
OhPKOK Similar
typo.

PAOPHOAP Similar. ^

106

1228

jV-85

PAONANOPAOOO
hPK€KOPANO

Similar type.

PAOPHOPO Ares 1., in Greek
helmet aiid armour ; holds shield
in r. hand, speat in L ; to 1 , ^ . I
[PI. XXVIII. IS.] '

107

122-5

A^-85

Same inscr. Upper part
of king, as above ; holds

PAOPHOPO Area r., in Gi'eek
helmet and armour, nimba'

eat of com and sceptre.

holds spear and sword ; to I,

108

123-

N'i

[PI. XXTIIt. 19.] ^

iDscr. obscure. Upper part
of king 1., emerging f vum
clouils, diad. ; wears
rounded helmet ; holds
ear of corn and elephaut-

PAONANOPA
ooYOhPKIKOP

SimUar.

PAONANOPAOO
OhPKIKOPANO

Upper part of kin^
emei^ing from clouds,
diad. ; wears rounded
helmet; holds ear of
cora and elephant-goad.

Similar ; last letter of inscr.
wuutijig.

PIDA^ Roma or Pallas standing
r., wearing helmet and long chiton;
holds spear and shield ; to r., ^ .

[PI. xrvm. 20.]

CAPAflO Sarapia standing 1.
diud. and clad in himation ; r
hand advanced j in I., Bceptre
toi., ^.

[PI. XXTIIL 21.]

[I. 0. C]

CKANAoKo M BIZAfO

APO Skanda and Visakha
standing face to face, nimbato ;
each wearing clilamya and neck-
lace, and sword at waist ; hut
Skanda holds in r. hand, standard
aurmounled hy bird ; Visfikha
holds in 1, hand, spear; between
them, ^.

[PI. XKViii. 22.]

CKANAOKOMAPO B IZAPO

Skanda and Vigfikha standing face
to face, nimbate ; Skanda holds in
I. hand, standard j Visakha holde
1. hand, speai ; between them.

t-

[I. 0. C. PI. nTin. 23:]

' A eoQ and impenooBtion oi Skanda. Hec Introduction.

6BEBK AM) eOTTHIO KOHQB 07 BACT&IA AJta INDIA.

PAONANOPAOO
ohPKIKoPANO

Upper part of king L,
emerging from clouds,
diad. ; wears rounded
helmet ; bolda ear of
com and elephant-goad.

PAONANPAoo
ohKIKOPANO

Upper part of king 1,,
emerging from clouds,
diad. and nimbate ;
wears conical helmet ;
holds ear of com and

CKANAOK OMAPoMAACh
NOBIZAPO Xiche on baeia,
within which, Skanda and Visa-
kha standing as above ; between
them, Mahasena, honied(!), facing,
nimbate, clad in chlamys ; swoid
at waiflt ; to i, 5^ •

[P). xxvni. 24.]

♦APPO Male deity 1., head winged;
clad in coat ; holds in r. hand,
sword at waist; to 1.

~^.

[I. 0. C. PI. ISTTU. 25.]

hPKIKOpANO 4>APPO Maledeityl.,haadwinged,
Upper part of king 1., diad. ; flames rising from shoul-
emerging from clonds, dera ; wears coat and chlamys ;
diad. aad nimbate;, holds in r. hand, fire ; L grasps
flames rise fi-om ahoul- ^^^^^ ^j. ^^^ toTT^.
ders; wears corneal hel-
met ; holds ear of com
and standard.

PAONANOPAo
oohPKIKOPANO

Upper part of king I.,
emerging from clouds,
diad. and nimbate ;
wears conical helmet ;
holds ear of com and
standard surmounted by
bird.

♦APPO Similar; deity nimhate.

I MohJ. I
'1^ I

PAONANOPAOOO
hPKIlCOPANO

iiip UK iiLBf ; iioiding ei
uf com and e^oz.

anie inBCT. "K^ing ae liiBt :
holding ear of oom and
Bceptte.

Some inficT. King as 'be-
fore ; holding ear of
com and Bpear.

Sane inaor. ? TTing as he-
fore ; holding douhle
eai of com and epeor.

PAONANOPA
OOOKPKCKOPA

£ing as before ; holding
(lai of com and spear.

PAONANOPAOOO
hPKIKOPANO

Similiir.

♦APO Male deitj 1., head winged,
nimbatc; "wears coat and cblamje;
r. liand advanced; in h, long ecej'-
tre ; eword at ■waist ; to 1., 5f ■

[1. 0. C]

♦APPO Male deitj L, nimhate;
flaciee riain;; from Bhouldsre; holde
in extended r. hand, fire ; in 1.,
Bceptre ; to L, y^ .

[PI.::

. 2C.]

^APPO Male deity r,, head vinged,
simbate ; clad in cout ; holde
Bueptif and fire ; to r., 5^ .

[PL xxrm. 27.]

♦APPO Male dwty 1 , head iringed,
nimhate ; clad in coat and
chlamye ; holds putae and cadu-
cene ; to L, 5Q .

[I. 0, C]

♦APO Similar fignre; holdBpuTBel
and long Bceptre ; to 1, ^.

[Pi.:

♦APPO Male deitj r., head ■winged,
diad. and nimhate ; clad in coat
holdB Bueptre and elephant-goad

[PI. jiTm. 29.]

■

1

Si

?

08KBK AKD aOTTHIO KINOB OJ BAOTKIA AND INDIA. ■

No.

wt

Sil^'' 1 Oljversfl.

RoTerao.

PAONANOPAO
OOhPKOKOP

Upper part of king I.,
emerging from clouds,
diad. and mmbate ;
wears rounded helmet;
holds ear of com and
standard.

Inscr. barbarous, Male deity 1., nim-
bate ; in extended r. hand, iire ;
in L, sword; to i, 5^. ,

125

1241

JV-85

PAONANOPAOO
ohPKIKOPANO

Upper part of king ).,
emerging from clouds,
diad. ; wears rounded
helmet; holds ear of

*APO Male deity 1., head winged,
nimbato ; liolds in r. hand, wreath j
inl., sceptre; to L, ^.

126

121 '2

^■8

Similar.

♦APPO Male deity r., head winged,
iiliabate ; r, hand rests on hip ; in

. L, sceptre; to r,, ^.

127

122'5

^•75

128

121-7

^■8

[I. 0. C]

129

122'2

JV-9,

insop. <>APO .

130

33 '3

AT -5

131

27'

^-5

Similar

[I. 0. C, PL xxviiL 30.] 1

♦APO Male deity L ; 1. hand i<«t. J
on hip ; in r., aceptre ; to 1., X • ^

132

123-3

^-■75

■j

133

121-4

^•8

inscr. «t>APPO . [I. 0. C] J

134

ia2-l|jV-8

„ OIA*. (swotdaf 1

^■i^^H

' 142 Ml-

PAONANOpAoo
OhPKIKoPANo

Upper part of king 1.,
emerging from clouds,
diad. ; wears rounded
helmet ; holda ear of
com and elephant-goad.

♦APO Male deity 1., head win_
nimbate, standing on fii'e ; holds
hand, fire ; in 1., sceptre

i,S-

^•APPO Male deity 1., head winged,
nimbate, standing on fire; r, hand
extended ; in L, cadu ceua ; to 1.,

[I. 0. C. PI. XXVIII. 31.]

(OPON Male deity 1., bearded,
wearing modiua and himalion ;
r. hand advanced ; in L, long
sceptre j to 1., y^ .

[PL XXVIII. 32.]
[I. 0. C]

(/3) Bronxe ; type, King on eleiyhanf.

AQPO Male deity 1., diad. ;
in r. hand, wreath; and
tongs; to 1., ^.

PAONANO PAOOO-
hPK€NOPANO»

The king r., diad. and
nimbate, riding on ele-
phant ; holds spear and
elephant-goad.

* Tills macriptioj] cannot \te read entire oa any pingle Bpocii
many specinieiiB are blimdored or barbarous: but tko formula in
seems U> be tbe narmal and uanal one.

■

54 GRKHK AKB SOTTHIC EIHQB OF BAOTRIA AMD INDIA. ■

No.

Wt

MeteL
Size.

Obverae,

Roverea

U3

MV

PAONANO PAooo-
hPK€NOPANO

Tbn king r., dinil. and
nimbate, riding on ele-
phant ; holda spear and
elephmtgoad.

APOOXP Female deity r., diad.
and nimbate; holda eomucopiae;
tor., 'S.

144

JE-25

[I. 0. C]

Similar.

Inacr. obscure. Female deity* I.,

haad, wreath ; in ]., eomucopiae ;
toL, 5f.

145

Ml-

Similar.

[I. 0. C]

HPAKAOI Heracles r. i holds in
r. hand, club; 1. raised to head;
tor.,^.

146

.E-95

Similar.

[PI. xxn. 1.]

M AO Moon-god 1., crescent behind
ahouldera ; r. hand extended ; with '
1. grasps sword ; to 1., ^ .

[I. 0. 0. PI. zza. 2.] 1

147

^1-05

148

^1-

j

149

Ml-

1

150

MV

1

151

^■85

1

152

^■8

{deity holds wreath and sword). j

kiDg.

1

^^^^^^^H^BH^^H

Motal. I

PAONANO PAOOO-
hPKCNOPANO

Tho king r., diad. aod
nimbate, riding on
phant ; liolda spetir and
elephont-goad.

Barbarous inscr. King o
elephant to 1.

PAONANO PAOOO-
hPKCNOPANO

The king r., diad. and
nimbato, riding on ele-
phant ; holds epear and
elephant- goad.

£105

Ml-
JE-Q

MAO Female deity 1,, nimbate
holds in both hands, comucopiae ;
tol,, ^.

MIIOPO Sun-god L, radiate;

hand extended ; with I. giaapB

Bword ; to 1., y5-

[I. 0. C]
(inscr. MIIPO).

MPPO) Sun-god 1., nimbate J
hand extended : in 1., sceptre : to

OKPO Siva standing 1., four armed;
holds wreath, thunderbolt, trident,
and goat ; to 1., f^ ,

Jiva holds in fourth hand, vaae).
[PI. xxa. 3.]

OKPO Siva standing 1., two armed;
holds in r. hand, trident ; in I.,
vase and lion'H akin (1) j to 1., ^ ;
to r, M .

[I. 0. CO

PP^^^B^^B^iW^^I

156 0REB8 AND SOTTHIO KINGS OF BAOTBU AND INDU. ■

No. Wt

^f^!' ObvoraB. Reverse. 1

1

(y) BroTKc ; type, King seated. '■

166

Ml-

PAONANOPAO
00hPK€N0PAN0*

King facing, head r.,
aeat»l cross-legged on
cushions, Imdy radiate ;
in I. hand, sceptre.

AePO Male deity 1. ; holds wreath
in extended r. hand; to 1., ^.

167

Ml-

Inscr. King, head and
body radiate, seated
facing on throne.

Similar.

168

JEl-

169

lE-S

Inscr. King nimbate,
facing, head r., seated;
holds in 1. hand, sceptre.

APAOXP Female deity L ; holda |
comucopiae; tol., ^. 1

170
171

JE-S
Xl-

Inacr. King nimbate, r,,

Inscr. King seated croas-
le^ed on cushions,
facing, head r., head
and body radiate; 1.
haad raised.

AP]AOXP Female deity 1. ; hold* J
in r. hand, sceptre (!) ; to L, ^ . 1

M AO Moon-god 1., crescent behind
shoulders ; r, hand advanced ; with 1
1. grasps sword ; to 1., ^ . '

[I. 0. C. PI. xxis. 4,]

172

Ml-

i:. I., sceptre.

173

Ml-

,,

171

M-SS

„

175

MS

.,

~ J

1

1

I

■

• On coins of tliiB olaw the insoription is even more dabaeed f V

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

ow.™.

Reverse.

176

JE-S

PAONANOPAO
OOhPK€NOpANO

King seated ctobs-
le^ed, facing, liead r.,
nimbate ; holda in each
hand, staff or sword.

M AO Moon-god L, crescent behind
shoulders ; r, hand advanced ; with
1. grasps sword ; to 1., ^ .

177

Ml-

Inscr. King, head and
body radiate, half reclin-
ing, facing, on throne.

Similar.

178

JEl-

179

MI-

(uLBcr. retrograde). [PI. iiii, 5.]

180

MS

[I. 0. C]

181

M-9

..

182

Ml-

InscT. King, with head
and body nimbate,
seated cross-legged, fa-
cing, on cushions ; in
1. hand, sceptre.

MIOPO Snn-god I., radiate; r.
hand advanced ; with 1. grasps
sword; to I., ^,

[I. 0. C]

183

Ml-

184
185

M-B
jE'95

(king not nimbate).

(deity holds wreath in r,).
[PI. mx. 6.]

186

^11

Inscr. King, with body
radiate, half reclining,
facing on throne, flames
on ahouldera.

Similar.

(deity holds sceptre, not sword).

187

^1-

188

*1-

(inscr. MIIOPO).

189

M-Bb

190

M-S5

(deity holds wreath in i-.).

168

o.

EEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTltlA iND INDIA. 1

Nd.

wt.

Metal.
Size.

ObverEe.

Ro Terse.

PAONANOPAO
oohPK€KOPANO

King, with head nim-
Ijate and body radiate,
seated facing, head r.,
croaa-le^ed on cuahions;
holds in L hand, aceptie.

NANA .N'anaia r., nimbate; holde
Bteptre; tor, ^.

191

^1-05

Sitniki.

[1. 0. c] 1

OKRO Siva facing, nimbate, head i
L ; liaa four arms and hands, in
which he holds a srreath, a thun-
derbolt, a trident and a vaae ; to

192

yEl'05

J

193

.E'9

1

194
195

^1-
JE.I-

Inscr. King, with head
and body radiate, haH
reclining, facing, on
throne.

Similar. ' Jl
[I. 0. C. PI. sxis. 7.]

j

-

196

^1-

(Siva holds goat in fourth hand).

197

jE-9

(Siva grasps sword in fourth hand).

i

J

BAZODEO (VAHD DSTA). ' 111

n

No.

Wt.

MsUl.
Siza.

ObvarflB.

Roveree.

BAZODEO (VASU DEVA).

(a) Gold.

1

122-5

N-85

PAONANO PAO BA
ZoAhoKoPANO

The king 1., clad in
conical helmet and suit
of mail, diad. and nim-
bate ; holda r. hand over
altar; in 1., spear; wears
flword.

NANA Nanaia r., nimbate, head
surmounted by crescent; holds
sceptre, ending in forepart of
hoTse, and patera; to r, ^ .

[PL ixn. 8.]

2

122-2

Jf-&

PAONANO PA
OBAZoAhoK

SiJiiilar.

[I. 0. C]

OKPO Siva facing, having three
faces and two arms ; hokla wreath
and trident ; to 1., ^ .

3

120 '8

^■8

1

4

122'3

^■8

PAONANOPAOBA
ZoAhoKoPANO

The king l, clad in
conical helmet and suit
of mail, diad. and nim-
l>ate ; holds r. handover
altar; in L, apear; stan-
dard behind head.

(inscr. OPKO). [PL xiix. 9.]

OKPO Siva facing, having three
faces and two arms ; holds wreath
and trident ; behind him, bull 1. ;

5

123-8

^•8

[PL ixii. 10.]

6

124-9

^■8

1. 7

123-5

^■85

(Sivaone-faced). [I. 0. C.}

8

124-8

W-85

(bull feeding).

9

123-4

jV-e

(inscr. OPKO). „

110

123-8

^■85

(inscr. barbarous).

(Siva one-faced) ; symbol to I

1^^^

^

160

r.

No.

Obvene.

Rorerae.

11

126-

A- -85

PAONANOPAOBA
ZOAhOKOpANO

The king Btanding as
before at altar ; beside
which, trident fixed in
the ground.

holds wreath and trident ; behind
him, bull 1. 1 to 1, 5f ■

12

1347

JV-85

II

13

121-2

^■s

1

U

123-

AT -9

lor.. V.

(inm. OSJiO; to 1„ 5f).

15

124-

.^■65

„

16

116'4

A^-85

„ „

..

17

31-

^-5

„ [L 0. C. PI. nil. 11.]

18

307

A" -5

(Si™ cio.»M hi. leg.) ; to r., Jf . fl

Barbartm imitations |1

19

122-7

.^-9

tor„«.

[PI. mx 12.] (

20

122-5

^■9

tol.,f.. 1

21

1237

jVI-

„ „;Mow, rt.

J

22

125-5 A'l-O.') „ „

1

^^^^B

mzoDEO (vAfli

i,fiVA). 161

No.

\vt.

MeUI.
Sim.

Obrarae. RoiarHc.

C8) B,-ou,e.

PAONANOPAO
BAZoAhoKoPANO •

This king, standing as
liefore, at altar; beside
which, trident fixed in
tlie groimd.

OKPO Siva, one-headed, facing;
holds wreath and triilejit ; beJiiiid
him, bull 1. ; to r., 5^ .

25

Ai -9

ii

26

^■9

to..^.

27

.-E -95

„ „

[Pi. XXIX. 14.]

28

^1-

:

29

M-86

30

JE-05

{in«er. barbar-ms).

31

JR -dn

„

32

JEl-

(tridont absent).

PAoBA ZoAhO

King, !ttaiidiiig us aliovn,
at altar.

(iuser. wanting). [I. (1. C]
Siniikr [?)■

33

M-75

• Thusc lug^iida an

not omnploto on any spocimon.

INDO-SCYTHIC, UXCERTAIN.

(a) OitlJ ; teiihout fii/iire of King.

Indian legend (see plate

xsix. 15 j the inscrip-

- tion Beema to run on

one aide dideva-

tai). Greek city-god-
dtisa, dad in chiton and
I>pplos, wearing mural
iirown, and holding a
poppj-head.
I

TAYPOC Humped l)ul

[PI. xiix. 15.]

SUPPLEMENT.

IMPORTANT TYPES NOT IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM.*

Bust of the king r,, diml.

[PI. XXX. I.]

II(?ail of tlie king r., iu ulujihant's

[PI. sxx. 2.]

BAZIAEHZ ANrKHToY AH-
MHTPIOY liustof thekiiigr.,
in elephant's skin.

montioaed ei

[PL XXI. 3.]

BAZrAEilZ Pallaa facing,
AHMHTPIOY " annedjholdfi
lanue and shield.

Ai Wt 243- (Gen. Cunninjjhani) : an
injured specimen (Wt. 319-3), re-
cently acquired for Brit Museum.

iaiDcinecr. Fatlns seated I., holding
spear in r., and shield in L

jE round, -7 (Gkn. Cunningham).

Vl>^ (Miihw'ijaia

afiarajitoia Datitc ). \\'ingi'd

thunderbolt,
M square, 75 (Gen, Cunningham),

* In tbia liat will bo fontid tho moro important coins of tha Greafe nnd Soythio KingB

which hnYo baen pnblishnd, but ara not reproaented in tho Britiah Kluseum. Mere

varieties ara cot given, nor, in most csaos, merely difToretit dcnomlnntiona of already

□nloaa when Buch dsnominationa ara higher than thoiiB of the Britiah

To this Supplement belong throo platais the figures in whioh ars in

a Gan. Cunningbani'ii Tuluable papers in tha NHiaitmatio Chronk/e, and

are repro'luced by his kind permieaioQ. In one or two inatanoes coina bava been inBarted

hero which were ne([uirod for tho BiitiaU Muaeiim too lato for thorn lo figure in their

pro] 10 r pinci'a.

64 s»rpLiiMin.T. 1

No.

Obverae. Rovor«o. I

PAXTALEON. 1

1

Head of the king r , dia.l.

BAZIAEJIE &.ns ™W
P ANTAAEONTOZ 1. ; huld..
in L, sceptii!, in r., a figure of
tliQ tlireo-lioaded Iliilcate.

[PI. XXX. 4.]

M Wt. 232- (Oon. Cunningliam).

AGATHOCLES. I

■

With name ami iy^m of AnIiMlmig Niralor. 1

1

ANTIOXOY He^ul of Antioclius
NIKATOPOS I.r., diad.

BAZIAEYONTOZ Zeus .triding 1

ArAOoKAEOY£ to 1.. linpl. ■

AIKAIOY ingtliiind«rbolt;i

eagle at liia feet ; to 1., wreath. ■

[I'l. xsx. 5.] M Wt. 255- (G«u, Cmmingham). fl

ANTISIACHUS I. j

With iiamc atid type of Diodofiis. !

'

AlOAOTOY Head of Diodotua
ZnXHPOE !■., diad.

BAZIAEYONTOJ: Zen. .tpiding
ANTIMAXOY to 1., linil-
OEOY ing thunderbolt;
eagle at Ilia feet; to 1., wreath.

[PI. XXX. C]

Al Tetradrachm (The late Sir E. C.
Bajlej).

WM his own types. \

'2

Indian elephant r.

BAZIAEnZ OEOY Nike 1,
ANTIMAXOY holdini^

wreath anil jialni, standing SlM
prow of ship. ^^^M

I

1

[II. «s. 7.]

/E round, ■!) (feruLerly Gen 1

EUCRATIDES.

Bust of tlio king r,, ln^liiictuJ.

[Ilea. Numism., 18G7, PI. xii,]

liust of the kiiif,' 1., liulnmted, hut
with sboulilers biirc ; tlirviBtiu^f
with spear.

[PI. XXX. 8.]

BAZIAEflZ MEfAAOY Buet
EYKPATIAOY of the king r.,
helmeted,

[PI. XXX. 9.]

Hutid of Ai^ullo r., kur.
[PI. XXX. 10.]

BAZIAEnZ MEPAAOY P.uat
EYKPATIAOY t.1 tho king r.,
diaU.

u

[I'l, XXX. 11.]

BASIAEilZ MEPAAOY Tho
EYKPATIAOY IJiostmi
eliLirgiiig r., carrjiiig jiiihiis.

N Wt. 2593-.^ gr. (20 stater piece,
Bibl. Natiuiiide, Paris).

N Stater (Col. Strutt).
As Inst.

yR Wt. 233' (Gen. Cunningham).

T^^~»-' T^^~^ (Muha-

ialioea Ev^ikratidana). The Dioa-
uuri standing side hy side ; hold
spears and swords.

M Wt. 3-1-5 gr. (formerly Gen.
Abbott). Oil a coin of this class
in Gen. Court's Colloction, the
inscription begins yS~\ (Von
Sallet ia Zeit.f. Num. 10, p. 157).

BAZIAEnX Ilorsu I., standing.
EYKPATIAOY

2^ round, -7 (Vieiuia).

IndiiUi inscr. as above. Tlio pik-i of
the Dioscuri, surmounted by stars,
and two palnia.

/E sqnari', '55 (Geu. Cunninyliani),

SCPPLBMENT.

BAZIAEIIS MEPAAOY EY-

KPATtAOY r.ust of the king
r., iliad. and hctmeted.

[PI. XXX. 12.]

T1'^Z'C7/ (MaJwrnJasa
Tajadirajasa Eoulcratvlasa). Kike
1. j holds wreath, and palnk.

2£. square, ■? (Gen. Cuuumghain).

HELIOCLES.

Bust of tlic king r., hclmctcil.

[PI. XXXI. 1.1

BAllAEiir Zuus seated
HAIOKAEOYZ hL.lds I^ike

AIKAIOY and long sceptre.
M. Tetradrauhin (formerly Majur

Hay).

M Drachm (The lato Sir E. C.
Bayley).

ANTIALCIDAS.

BAZIAEilZ NIKH'fopoY
ANTIAAKrAoY Bust of the
king r , diad.

rn^*'17'^o rajasa jaya-

dharanaAmi'alikidasa). Elephant

walking r. ; wreath in raised trunk.

M square, "75 (Major Landon : now

presented to Britisli Museum).

BAZIAEnX ANIKHTOY
AYIIOY Bust of hearded

llcrakles r. ; club on ahouhler.

[PI. XX.VI. 2.]

ANTIALCIUAS AND LYSIAS.
Inscr.

s last. The caps of the Dir'
and two palms.

JE square, -7 (limllcimil"

SUPPLE MUST.

THEOPUILUS.

BAllAEnX AtKAlOY Bust
BEO*IAOY of tlio kiiiy r.,
ilia J.

[PI. XXXI, 3.]

BAZIAEnZ AIKAIOY OEO-

*lAOY Head of bearded Heni-
Ides r. ; club on elioulder.

[PI. XSIL 4.]

7h^I T:^"1~»-' (Mai^am-
r'i'T'S'^ jasa dkrainikam
^heiqihilasa). Hsrakles, crown-
ing himself i bolda in L liainl,
club and lion's skin.

M Wt. 36- (Gen. Cunningham).

{Maharajasa ilhramikoia '^heu-
jihiltKo). Comucopiae,

^ square, '8 (Gen. Cunningham).

AECHEBIUS.

BAZIAEilZ AlKAroY NIKH
*OpOY APXEBloY Bust of
Zeua r,, diiid. ; acojitre on Bhouldtr,

[PL ixxi. 5.]

TA'*1a^7 (Mahdrajasa

!lhrcim.ika,ia jayadharasa Arkhehi-
yaua). Thu caps of the Dioscuri,
and two palms.

JE. square, '9 (Gen. Cunningham).

APOLLODOTUS.

BAZiAEflx rnxHPoj:

[AnoAAoAoToY] Apollo
icatcd r. on thiuiiOj tioliling out

{Maharajasa tratlalam Ajialada-
tana). Tiipod,

JE Si[ii!ire, -8 (Gen. Cnnniuyhaiu) .

SCPPLEMmfT.

BAIIAEilS: Eni*ANoYZ
ZHTHPOZ ZTPATIINOZ

Bust of the king t,, diad.

[H. !

Tii (^Makdny'ana prati-
ehhasa fratJataga Sirutana). Pal-
las 1. ; lioJdiug aegis and liiitling
tbimderlwlt.

M ■\\'t. 131- (Om. Cunningliam).

BACIAEHC CilTHPoC
CTPATI2NOC YlOY
CTPATflNOC V.n-t of tin
king r., dind.

[PL xxxL 7.]

■an. Cunningliftm'

712 T^liai M*l~v/

(^Malinrnja rajamjasa Sirafaaa,

jmirasa cka somjirii/apifa Sira-.

iatia). Vallas 1. j holding aegis

and thunderbolt.
M Wt 36- (Gen. Cunningliam).
reading of his epuuimen (engraved), and given II
on his authority.

JIENASllEIL

BASIAEnZ ZnTHPoZ

MENANAPOY H^-ad ol Tallas
r,, liehaeted,

[I'L sxxi. 8.]

BAZIAEnZ ZriTHPoZ
MENANAPOY ISust of Uie
king 1., wearing aegis and thrust-
ing with spear.

y.xz'^ 7"ii\ Ta"i~v J

{Maharajas trailitasa Mrfta- i]
drasa). Owl r.

,11 Wt. 28- (Gun. Cuiminghaui).

T-'\£*J' rajasa iradataaa
Menadraea). Pallas 1. ; hotdi
thunderbolt and aegis.
M Didraehm (PublishL-d by t
Cunningham fmni a sc! "
impression).

MENANAPOY Tomig male

lii:u(! 1., wuurjiip wruiiLh.

[PI. xm, fi.]

Same juBcr. Twii-liiniipefl camul I

[PI. ira. 10.]

iii. Elcphoiit L

[PI HD- IL]

it. Dnar'B liBoil I.

[H. 3

L. 12.]

T-^£«^ T^^i'T. rii^.~v

{MhliartyoKB. tradatiua Metia-
rlruna). I>oljjliiii r.

M sqUEiK, 1-

Some iMct, UuU'e liuwl, fftoinE.

^ fiqnan;, 3 ' (MntwiTtm As. ■Roc
Bengal).

Sitme inBci. ElGpluint-giind.

M aqnoTi!, '9 (Gen. Ctuumigham).

Some iuBd. Palm-litBtick

-^ eyuare, 't*

Soe. 3 and C axe eaid liy Gnu. OnuniBgham to be in tiie East. India MuBeum.
This is tiicnrrect, tu^ tke uoini- of thie Musenm art now in tlie Itntiali
MuHsum, uul tliOBt typei> ore wuntiiig.

ftAZIAEIlX NIKH4>DPoY

EnANAPoY Ilual uf till; img
r., iliacl

[TL mnrr 13.]

r\,/^T r/iitma] jaifatlharagi
Efiadrana). Pullut I ; 1io1(1b aogi
Lind tliunduTliciit.
Jl Wt. IS (bruken), (Gen. Cun
ningham ).

'1

AjKiIlo i^ ulad in vlilamye -
aanvi vitb liotli liauik.

[Pi XXII 14]

(Mahar^/aiia tradatago Oicntim-
!,fim). Eoyul dmdtittm.

^ nqual'e, ■('! (Util. ISuali).

aCprwtOTsT,

BAZIAEnZ
iniAOY

AIKAIOY

uf the kiug r.,

BAZIAEnZ AIKAIOY Hud
miAOY of bearded Heroklea

in. :

T'~\9'^ rqjasa dliramihtsa
Jlioila^a). Heraklea, facing ; holda
in r., wreatU ; in 1., club and lion's
skin ; on bis shoulder, Niks hold-
ing wruath. .
JR Wt. 3G'5 (GeiL Caimingham).

(Maharajaea dhramikana J/ioi-
iana). Cliib and bow-case, withia
ivy- wreath.

JE square, M (Lady Headfort),

ARTKMIDOKUS.

BAZIAEnS ANIKHTOY

APTEMIAnPOY Uustofthe

\Vl ■

(kiu^ iiiiiiiiaMi). [PI. ■

Iliiat of tlio king r.,

ajiadiJtaiaga Artetnidorasa).
temix, clad in 8hort chiton aud
chlamya, shooting 1.

M Wt. 128' (Gen. Cunningham).
A Bpccimen much injured (Wt.
117-3), recently acquiral for
British Museum.

M. Wt. 3G- (Gen. Cunningham).

SUPPLEMENT.

PHILOXENUS.

The British Musoum has recently acquired a didrachm (Wt. 140') of tlii^
king with the usual type and inscriptions (p. 56), int having on thi
obverse a helmeted bust oi the king L, thrusting with spear.

BAZIAEIIZ ZflTHPOZ '
NIKIOY Bust of the king i

[PI. XXIII. I

TTn^ rajma trmlatata
Nikiasa). The king (orPaUoal)
helmeted, standing 1. ; holds palm
over shoulder.

yR Wt. 35' (Gen. Cunningham).

BAZIAEHZ EYEPrETOY
THAE*OY Giant (Skythes)),
his L<jdy ending in three serpents;
liolds in each hand, hammer ?

TA*^ / {Maharajasa

palanakramaaa Teliphasa). Helios
radiate facing, clad in tunic and
chlamys, holds long sceptre ; be-
side him male figure wrapped in
mantle, wearing wreath or homed;

[PI. xsxii. 7.] M Wt. 37' (Bodleian Library).

Mr. Oman having kindly procured a cast of this coin, we are enabled to

give a more accurate description of it than has hitherto appeared. Mv.

Bendoll suggests the veadiag pdlaria/iihamaea as a rendering of fiipyirov.

AMYNTAS.

G-cn. Cunningham possesses hemidrachras with the usual type of reverse,
the seated Zeus ; but having on the obverse respectively, (1) bust oi the
king in Macedonian causia; (2) bust of the king, bare-headed, thrusting
with spear.

HERMAEUS,

Gen. Cunningham has a didrachin of the UBUul tyi* (Wt, 153 grs,), '
helmeted buad of the king on the obverse.

BAZIAEnZ SnTHPoI

EPMAIOY Kin- on hors^l

BAiiAEnz rrHPoz sy

EPMAIOY Eust of the lung r.,

[PI. XXXII. 8.]

TA :i^ T^"!.'

(_Mi'i/iiiri'/a-^ti raja

\_lli:raiva'i~\!/aia'). Horse r.

r A^^n*^ rajaga niakalaaa
Hemniin/a^ii). Zens eeated I. i

JR Wt. 31- [Guu. Cunningham).

r A W ^ 'C {^Maharajagii
rajaraJnsaX\ r/taltatcuia Hemmaya-
aa). Nike 1. ; holding wreath.
M round, "7 (Gen. Cunningham).

Uncei-tain device, amrounded by a
circle of unaacertaiiieil Chinese
characters.

^ 1 ■ (Sir D. Forsyth), Num. Chro)
1879, p. 276.

BA£IAEn£ BAZIAEilN
MEFAAOY MAYOY Eiga

I., ill wliiili ladiate figure hoLiing
aui'.jiliu or u|Rai-, and chariotcor.

T /V dirajasa inaliata^a
M(iasii). Zens seated 1. on throne;
thunderbolt in extended r, hand.

AZES AST) AZILISES.

BAZIAETIZ BAZIAEilN
MEfAAOY AZOV Th« king
r., on horseback ; lance coucheJ.

[PI. xxxn. 9.]

7T'*1A? (Mr>/,ar<yasa
rajarajojia mahatam Ai/ili/i/Msii),
A city! 1., holds in r. hand an
ohjeot resembling a brazier j ia 1.,
palm bound with fillet.

M Diiiraclim (R. Rochette, 1*"
Suppl., PI. II., No. 16).

JR Hemidrachm (Grotefeud).

Standing lignre to the r., with the
r. arm extended horiiuntally, and
holding a chaplet.'

' Fiyure in short tunic, with loose
veil-like garments around the head,
&c. Ariau legend, imperfect, ....
ja^a makatata Ayilidiasa.'

M. square (Thomas's Prinsep II., p.
212, No. 9, Sir E. C. Bayley).

VONONES AND SPALAHORES.

BAZIAEI2Z BAilAEflN
MEfAAOY ONilNOY
Ueruules, with club and lion's
skin ; r. hand raised ■ " ■

D the head.'

' Arian legend ; — Spahora hlirata
J/immika^a Sjjalahuraea. Minerva
to the ]., armed with shield and
apoarj r, arm extended.'

I

JE square (Thomas's PriuBep
204, No. 3, Mr. ISreretoaV

II.,

GONDOPHAHES.

[n. xsiii. 10.]

BAPAEUC BACIAEUN
MEfC YNAaOEPHC
AYTOKPATa King seated r.
on throne, holding aceptre; beliind,
If ike crowning him.

M Wt. 58- (Berlin, Zeittxhr. / Nam.
1879, p. 38a).

Barbarous iiiscr. The king r., on
horsuback ; arm extendeit.

[PL xxxii. 11.]

Inacription ending T 7S-'^1j {Ji-
kdniasa). The king facing; on
one side, Nil;e ; on the other, a
wingless figure, crowEing him.

M Didrachm {Thomas's Prinsep, PI.
xxviu. 5).

AKSACES DIKAIOS.

BACIA6YONTOC BACIA€-
(ON AIKAIOY APCAKOV

Tlic king, u:i horseback r. ; r. hand

Arian legend ; — {^Maliarajasa r<ya'
rajasa mahatasa AeMkakaea tror
dalasa). Type obliterated.* [On
another specimen, Male figure to
the left, holding a small figure in
his right hand].

^ round (Cmiutnghiim) .

anPFLKHENT. IT^H

No.

ObverBo. ReTcrao.

ARSACES THEOS.

k '

BACIA6WC OeoY CAKOY

Horse r.

Bow in CQSQ ; flllut-border.

F

[PI. xxxii. 12.]

M Sfiuare, 7 (Bei'lin, ZeitscUr. f.
Num., PI. V. 2).

KADPHISES n. 1

1

BACIA€YC OOHMO KAA<t>l-

CHC King r., holding club;
seated in liiga luoving slowly to r.

Usual reverse ; type, Siva standing
(see p. 12i).

[P]. xxxr[, 13.]

N Stater {Ariann Autiqiui, PI. x. 9).

KANERKES. j

1

PAONANOPAO K[ANHPKI]
KOPANO Bust of the king r.,
helmeted, holding Bpear, above
cloudB,

HA IOC Helioa standing, radiate ;
one hand advanced, the other
grasping sword.

N Wt. 30-8 (EoUin and Feuardent),

Tbi.^ coin, publisbed by v. Sallet, is noteworthy as bilingual.

2

[PAO KA]NHPKI Thoking
sUuding, iit iilliir.

]roBOYAO Buddha seated
facing, cross-legged ; arras in pos-
ture of benediction.

\

[PI. jxx.i M.]

M 1- (Berlin, Znfm-Jir.f. N«m. 1879,

PI. IX. 1).

L

V

^^^^ INDEX ^^^^^^^^B

^^^^^H 1

A

Apollo, Head of,— Euthydemus II,,

8; Strato I., 41; Eucratidea

Abdagasea, Head of.— Abclagases,

165.

107

ApoUodotus II,, Head of.— ApoUo-

Aegis. — Demetriue, 7 ; Antialcidas,

dotus II., 37.

28 ; Menander, 49 ; Antima-

Apollophanes, Head o£ — ApoUo-

chuB n., 55.

phanes, 54,

Agathocleia, Head of. — Agatliocleia

Archebius, Head of.— Archebius, 32.

and Strato, 43.

Artemidonis, Head of. — Artemidonw,

Agathoclea, Head of.— Agathocles,

170.

10.

Artemis, standing. — ArtemidomH,

Alcxwidor as Herakles, Head of.—

54.

Agatbocles, 10.

Artemis, miming with torch. — Dio-

Arajntas, Head of.— Amyntas, 61,

dotufl I,, 3.

171.

Artemis, hunting. — Demetrius, 7 ;

Antialcidas, Head of.— Antialcidas,

Hooerkes, 144; Artemidorua,

25 sqg., 166.

170.

Antimachua I., Head of.— Antima-

Artemis, radiate.- Mauea, 69.

chusL, 13.

Antiochus, Head of.— Agathocles,

R.

164.

Apiillo, standing,- Euoratides, 13 j

Bigft, in which radiate figure. —

ApoUodotTia I., 35 sq. ; ApoUo-

Maues, 173.

dotU8ir.,38*7. ; Strato I., 41;

Biga, in which king. — Kadphiaes 11.,

TJionysiuB, 51, 169 ; Zoiliis, 53 ;

176.

Hippostratus, 60; Maucs, 72;

Boar's head.— Menander, 169,

Apollo, standing, and elephant. —

Bow and quiver.- Strato L, 41.

ZoiluB, 53,

Bow and arrow.— Spal in sen with

Apollo, seated.— Apollodotus I., 167.

Azes, 10-i.

^^^

IKDBS ^^^^1

Bow in case, — Mauee, 72 ; Araacea

Deity, holds spear.—Hyrcodea, 117. '

Theos, 175.

Deity, with horae.— Kauerkea, 130.

Bow-case and club.— Zoiius, 170.

Deity, female, holda cornucopiae. —

Buddha, standing.— Kanerkes, 130,

Kanerkes, 130, 133 ; Hooerkea,

133.

137, 154, 156.

Buddha, seated.— Kanerkea, 175.

Demeter, atanding. — Aies, 85.

Bull, Iniiian.— Heliotlea, 24; Dio-

Demeter 1 seated.— A ises, 84.

medes, 31 ; ApoUgdotua I., 34,

Demetriua, Head of, — ^Demetrius, 6,

36 ; Epander, 51 ; Artemidorua,

163.

64 ; Philosemis, 57 ; Maues,

Diadema. — ApollodoUia II., 39 ;

69, 71 ; Azes, 85 gqq. ; Azilisea,

Dionysina, 169.

95 sqq. ; Zeioriiaea, 111 sq. ;

DioJotns, Head of.— Diodotus I., .1 ;

Uncertain, 1S2.

Agathoclea, 10; Antimachus I.,

BuU'Bhead.— Menander, 169.

164.

Diomcdes, Head of.— Diomedea, 31.

C.

Dionyaius, Head of.— Dionyaiua, 51.

Dionyaua, Young, Head of. — Panta-

Cadnceua. — Demetrius, 7 ; Maues,

leon, 9 J Agathocles, 11.

08.

DioBcuri, The, standing. — Diomedea,

Caduceua and cock.— Sophy tea, 2.

31; Aziliaes, 93; Eucratiaes,

Calliope and Hennaeua, Heads of.

165.

— Hermaeua and Calliope, 66.

Dioscuri, The, on horaeback.— Eucra-

Canael, Eactrian. ~ Uncert., 112;

tidea, 13 8qq., 166; Diomedea,

Menander, 169.

31.

City, A. — Philoxenus, 67 ; Hippo-

Dioacuri, One of the.— Euemtidea,

atratua, 59 sq. ; AzcB, 82, 90 sq. ;

16; Azilisea, 93.

Azea and Aziliaea, 173 ; Azi-

Dolphin.— Menander, 169.

lises, 94; Uncert., 162. {Sm

Dolphin, twined round anchor. —

also Tyehe )

Nicias, 58.

City, Head of a.— Andragoras, 1.

Cityand king.— Zeionisea, 110.

E.

CluK— Menander, 50.

Club and bow-case. — Zoilna, 170.
Cock and Caduceua.— Sophy tea, 2.

Elephant.— Heliocles, 23 sq. ; Lysiaa,

29 sq. ; Archehius, 33 ; ApoUo-

Coruucopiae.— Theophilus, 167.

dotusl, 34;Zoilu3, 53; Manes,

68 ; Azes, 87, 90 ; Azilisea, 95,

D.

97 ; Antimachus I., 164 ; Antial-

cidas, 166; Menander, 169.

Dancing-^irL— Pantaleon, 9; Aga-

Elephant : holds wreath.— Maues, M

thoclea, 11.

M

ZJfitj, wears naoi-lius, — Hoocrkes,

Elephant, Head of.— Demetrius " H

155.

^ift-oattdet, 50. ^^^H

W XIPB8. 179

1

E Enclosure, Sacred— A gat! locles, 12.

noues, 98 ; Spahigadames with

I Epander, Head of.— Epander, 169.

Vononea, 99; Uucert., 119;

■ Eucratides, Head ot— Eucratides,

Hermaeus and Kadpliisea, 120

1 ISggq., 165 eq.

eq. ; Kadphises 1., 122 ; Hooer-

I Euthydemus I., Head of.— Euthy-

kes,138,154;TheopMliis, 167;

1 derails, I, 4 sq. ; AgathocleB, 10.

Vonones and Spalahores, 173.

1 Euthydemus II., Head of.— Euthy-

Herakles, seated. — Euthydemus 1,

1 demuH U., S.

1

4eq.; Agathocles, 10; Agatho-
cieia and Strato, 43 ; Azilisea,
96 ; Spalagadames with Spaly-

1 ^-

ris, 100.
Herakles ; Nike on shoulder.— Zoilus,

1 Female figure, between stats. — Maues,

170.

70.

Herakles, bearded. Head of.— Euthy-

Female figure : holds fillet.— Maues,

demus T., 5; Demetrius, 7;

71 ; Azes, 89.

Euthydemus II., 8 ; Ly.ias, 29 ;

Fire.goJ.-KanBrkee, 130, 133 gf}. ;

Strato I., 42 ; Antialcidas and

Hooerkea, 136, 150 eqq., 156,

Lysias, 166 ; Theophilus, 167 ;
Zoilus, 170.
Herakles, Young, Head of.— Aga-

G.

thocles, 10.
HerauB, Head of.— Heraiis, 116.

Giant.— Teleph us, 171.

Hermaeus, Head of. — Hermaeus, 62

Goad, Elephant.— Menander, 169.

sgq., 172 ; Hermaeus and Kiul-

Gondopharcs, Head of. — Gondo-

phises, 120 eq. ; Kadphises I.,

pharee, 103 «$;., 174.

122.

Gofgon-head on aegia. (See Aegis.)

Hermaeus and Calliope, Heads of.—

Hermaeus and Calliope, 66.
Hermes, standing. — Maues, 71 ; Azes,

H,

83 eqq.
Hippostratus, Head of. — Hippo-

Hecate in hand of Zeus. (See Zeus.)

stratus, 59 »q.

Heliocles, Head ot-Helioclea, 21

Horse.— Euthydemus I., 5 ; Euthy-

sqq., 166.

demus II., 8; Heliocles, 22;

Heliocles and Laodice, Heads of.-

Menander, 48 ; Hippostratus,

Eucratides, 19.

60 ; Hermaeup, 66, 172 ; Maues,

HehoH in quadriga.— Plato, 20.

72 ; Azes, 89 ; Azilises, 96 ;

Kenikles, Young, standing,— Deme-

trius, 6 ; Euthydemus II., 8 ;

175.

Lysias, 29 aq. ; Zoilus, 52 ;

Horae, Forepart of. — Hyrcodes, 118,

Maues, 69 wy. ; Ams, 89 ; Azi-

Hyrcode?, Head of.— Hyrcodes, 117

1

lisoa, 96 ; Spakhores with Vo-

«2.

E

Kadapbea, Heiul of.— KaJaplioa, 1 23.

Kadphisea II., Heiid of.— KadpM-
ses 11., 126.

Kanerbes, Head of. — Kanerkes, 132.

King, Btanding. — Aidlises, 96 ; Spali-
riacs, 101; Spaliriaea with Ajiea,
102; Kadphises II., 126 sq. ;
Kanerkes, 139 sj?., 175 ; Ba-
lodeo, 159 sq. ; Niciaa, 171.

King, seated. — Manes, 71 ; Azes, 83
Bj. ; Gondophares, 104; Sana-
larea, 113; Kudaphes, 123,
Kadphisea II., 124 ^q. ; Hoo-
erkes, 138, 145 ; Hooerkes,
156.

King on horseback. — Antimachus II.,
55; Philoxenua, 56, 171; Ni-
cias, 58 ; Hippoatratus, 69 sq. ;
Hermaeus, 172 ; Hermaeua and
Calliope, 66 ; Mauea, 63 sq. ;
Azes, 73 sqq., 88 sjj. ; Ams
andAKiliaea,92,173; Aziliaea,93
sqq. ; Spalahorea with Vononea,
98; SiwJagadames withVonones,
99 ; Spalagadames with Spaly-
ria, 100; Spalirisea, 100; Spit-
liriaes with Ates, 102 ; Gondo-
phares, 103 sjj,; Abdagases,107
sq.; Zeioniaes, I10;Uncert., Ill;
Soter, IHsyj. ; Zeioniaes, 174 ;
Arsaces Dikaios, 174.

King on elephjjit. — Hooerkes, 137 ;
153 sq.

King on camel. — Azea, 88.

King in biga. — Kadphisea II., 175.

King crowned by Nike. — Gondo-
phares, 174.

King on horseback, crowned by
Nike. — Heraus, 116.
King and City. — Zeionises, 110.

King between Nike and another. —
Zeioniaes, 174.

King, half length.— Kadphisea II.,
124 ; Kanerkes, 132, 175 ;
Hooerkes, 136 sqq.

King, Head of, helmeted. — Sophytes,
2; Eucratidea, 14 eqq., 165;
Plato 20 ; Antialcidas, 26 ;
Lyaias, 29 ; Diomedea, 31 ;
Arcbebins, 32 ; Strato I., 40 ;
Agathocltia, 43 ; Menander, 44
sq. ; Apollophanes, 54 ; Phi-
loxenua, 56 ; Amyntas, 61 ;
Hermaeua, 63 ; Soter, 116 ;
Kadphieea II., 124 sgq. ; Kaner-
kes, 132 ; Hooerkes, 136 sqq. ;
Helidcles, 166.

King, Head of, in cauaia, — Anti-
machus I., 12 ; Antialcidas, 25
sq. ; Amyntas, 171.

King, Head of, in elephant's akin. —
Demetrius, 6, 163 ; Lysiaa, 29.

King, Head of, in tiara.— Sanabarcs,
113; Gondophares, 174.

King, Enst of, thruating with spear.
— Eucratidea, 18, 165; Aiche-
biuB, 32 ; Menander, 46 sq.,
168; Philoxeiius, 171; Amyn-
tas, 171.

Lakshnjf, beside lion. —Azes, 85.
Laodice, Head of. {See Holioclea

and Laodice.)
Lion. — Azes, 85 sqq ; Azilises, 97 ;

Zeioniaes, 111; Uncert, 111,

119.
Lion, Maneless, — Pantaleon, 9 ; Aga-

tliOtles, 11 ; Menandec,

MaucM, 69.
\ "L^sias, Head of. — Lysias, 29.

^^^^^ TVFBa. 1

V „

0.

W Maenad, between vinea. — Mauca,

Orthagnes, 109.

1 70; AieB, 89.

Owl.— Archebius, 32 eq, ; Menander,

Mahasena.— HooerkcB, 138, 150.

49, 168.

Mahaaena Skanda and Vigaklia.—

Os, Head of.— Menander, 49.

Hooerkea, 150.

Mole figure : holda sceptre.— Azilisea,

97,

P.

Male figure : holds club and trideut.

— Maues, 71 ; Azes. 89.

Pacores, Head of.— Pac ores, 110.

Male head in Phrygian cap.— Amyn-

Pallaa, standing. — Aodragoraa, 1;

taa, 61 ; Hermaeua, 66.

Menander, 50; Arayntas, 61;

Menandet, Head of.— Menander, ii

Muuea, 69 ; Azes, 78 gqq., 91 ;

»2q., 168.

Spalahotes with Vonones, 98 ;

Moon^. — Kanerkes, 129, 131,

Spalt^adamea with Vonones,

133 eq. ; Hooetkea, 139, 154,

99; Gondophares, 103; Hooer-

156.

kes, 149; Demetrius, 163;

Moon-^od and a un -god. -Hooerkea,

Kicias, 171; Vonones an J Spa-

141.

lahorea, 173.

Pallas, thundering.— Apollodotus II.,

37; Strato I., 40 sq.; 168;

N.

Stmto II., 168; Menander, 44

sqq., 168 ; Dionysiua, 51 ;

Kanaia.— Kanerkea, 129, 131, 13*

Zoilus, 52 ; Apolloplianes, 64 ;

gq.; Kooerkea, 144 nqq., 158;

Amyntas, 61; Ranjabaia, 67;

Bazodeo, 159.

Azes, 78; Gondopbarea, 103;

Niciaa, Head of.-Niciaa, 58, 171.

Epander, 169.

Kike— Eucratidca, 18, 166; Arche-

Pallaa, seated. - Hipposttatua, 60 ;

bius, 32; Stratol., 42; Menan-

Demetriua, 163.

der, 48 ; Epander, 51 ; Anti-

Pallas, Head of.— Menander, 48 «y.,

iiim.'hus II., 55; Philoxenue,

168.

57 ; HemaBUs, 65, 172; Maues,

Palm.- Menander, 50, 169.

68 gqq ; Azes, 83 ; Gondo-

Palm and wreath. — AntitUcidas, 38 j

Iihiires, 104 sq. ; Abdagrtsea,

Antimachua II., 55.

107 ; Orthagnea, 109 ; Facorea,

Palms and pilei. (&e Piloi.)

1 10 i Sunabares, 113 ; Hooerkes,

Pautaleon, Head of, — Pantaloon,

147 ; AntemidoruB, 170.

164. 1

Kike on prow. — Antimachua I.,

Panther.- Pantaleon, 9; Agathocles,

164.

11.

Kike in quadriga, — Andragoras, 1.

Philoxenus, Head of.— Philojtcnus,

Kike, wiiiyltius.— Aziliaes, 96.

56, 171.

183 iNr

Pilei of DioBcuri and palms. — Eucra-
tides, 15, 18, 165; Antialcidaa,
27 iq. ; Antialcidas nod Lysias,
166; Archebiua, 167.

Plato, Head of.— Plato, 20.

Posoid on, standi ojf. — Antimachua 1.,
12; Azos, 77.

Poseidon and Eiver-god. — Maues,
70 «o. ; Azes, 89.

Qnadriga of HolioB.— Plato, 20.
Quadriga driven by Nike. — Andra-

r and bow. — Strato I., i\.

Kanjabala, Head of. — Eanjabala, 67.
liiver-yod under foot of Poaoidon.
i^See Poseidon.)

Sonabares, Head of . — Sanabares, 113.

Sarapis. — Hooerkes, 149.

Siva, two armed. — Gondopharea,

104 ; Kadphises IL, 125; Ka-

nerkes, 135 ; Hooerkes, 155 ;

Bazodeo, 159.
Siva, two armed, with bull. — Kad-

phisesll., 124, 126 bj., 175;

Bazodeo, 159 eqq.
Siva, four armed. — Kanerkes, 132,

135; Hooerkes, 147, 156, 158.
Skanda.— Hooerkes, 138.
Skanda and Visakha, — Hooerkes,

149.
Skanda Visakha and JIahascna. —
Uooerkof, 150.

Sophytes, Head of.— Sophytes, 2,
Soter, Head of. — Soter, 114 sqq.
Strato I., Head of.— Strato I., 40 gq.,

168.
Strato IL, Head of.— Strato II., 168.
Stupa, Buddhist. — Agathoolcs, 12.
Sun-god, standing, — PhiloxenuB, 57 ;

Kanerkes, 129, 131, 134, 175;

Hooerkes, 136, 141, 155, 157.
Sun -god and moon -god. — Hooerkes,

141.
Sun-god and another figure, — Tele-

phus, 171.
Symbol J^.— Gondopharea, 105.

T.

Thcophilus, Head of. — Theophilus,

167.
Thunderbolt, winged. — Demetriue,

163.
Trident. — Demetrius, 7.
Trident and battle-axoiu one.— Kad-

phises II., 126.
Tripod-lebes.— Euthydemus 11., 8;

Apollodntua I., 35 s<]., 167;

Apollodotus II., 38 sq.; Strato I.,

41; Menander, 49; Dionysina,

51 ; Zoibis, 53; Hippostratua,

60 ; Maues, 72.-
Triton. — Hippostratua, 60,
Tyche.— Maues, 68, 70 sq.

Visakha and Skanda. — HooerkeF

Visakha Skanda and Mahasena,j
Eooeckcfi, 150.

■'eaajj^^M

w.

"War-god. — Kanerkes, 132 ; Hooer-

kes, 138,148.
Warrior, atonding. — Areaces Dikaioa,

174.
"Wheel. — Menander, 50.
"Wind-god.— Kanerkes, 135.
Wreath and palm. — Antialcidas, 28 ;

Antimachus II., 55.

Z.

Zeus, standing. — HeliocleB, 21 tgq.;
Mauea, 6S ; Azes, 73 aqq., 83 ;
Azea and AziliBes, 93 ; Azilisea,
93 ; Spalahorea with Vonones,
98; Spalagadamea with Vo-
noneB, 99; Spalirises, 100;
GoudophareB, 103, 106 ; Abda-
gaaea, 107 vq. ; Soter, 114, 116.

Zeua, thundering. — Diodotua I., 3 ;

Agathoclea, 10, 164 ; Ajitinia-
chits I., 164 ; Archebius, 32.

Zeus, standing r holding Hecate. —
Agathocks, 10.

Zeiia,8eated. — Agathocles, 10; Amyn-
tas, 61, 171 ; Hennaeus, 62
*jy., 172 ; Spalirises, 101 ;
Helioclea, 166.

Zeus, seated, with Thtuiderbolt, —
Maues, 70, 172.

Zeus, seated, and elephant — Eucra-
tides, 19 ; Antialcidas, 25 eq. ;
Maues, 70.

ZeuB, seated: holds Hecate. — Pan-
taloon, 164.

Zeus, Head of, diad. — Andragoras, 1 ;
Archebius, 167.

Zeus, Head of, laur. — Diodotua I,,
3 i Euthydemus I., 5.

Zeus, Head of thundering. — Antial-
cidas, 27 8^.

Zoilus, Head of.— Zoilus, 62, 170.

IH

J INDEX II. ^H

KINGS, TTBANTS, &c. ^^H

1

1

T

A,

^M

Abangnses, 107.

DemetrioB, 6, 103. ^^H

Af,'atliocles, 10, 164.

Piodotaa I., ^^^H

Agathocleia with Strato, 43.

Diomedes, 31. ^^H

Amyntas, 61, 171.

Dionysios, 51, ^^^|

Andragoras, I.

^^^^M

Antialciilas, 25, 166.

^H

Antialcidas and Lysias, 166.

^H

Antiraaclius I., 12, 164.

Epander, 51, 169. ^^^^

Antimachus 11., 55.

Eucratides, 13, 165. \

Apolbdotua 1., 34, 167.

Eucratidea with Hcliocloa and Lao-

Apolbdotus II., 37.

dice, 19. J

Apollophanea, 54.

Euthydenius L, 4.

Archebius, 32, 167.

Euthydemus II., 8.

Arsaces Dikaios, 174.

ATsa<!e8 Thcoa, 175.

G.

Artemidorus, 54, 170.

AzoB, 73.

Gondophares, 103, 174.

AzeB and Azaises, 93, 173.

^^^H

Aiea and Spaliriaea, 102.

^M

Aziliata, 93, 173.

Heliodes, 21, 166. ™

Holioclea and Laotlice with Eucra-

B,

tidea, 19.

Tiii>iu.lco (Vasu Deva), 159.

Heraua, 116.

Hermauus, 62, 172.

Hermaeua and CaliioDis. 66. A

I^^^^^l

Ikwik.*, Kid.
lIvTOKles, 117.

Kadaphoj, 123.
Kodpliisiis I., 122.
Kodpliises I. uuil llerinac'
Kiidphi3C8l[., 124, 175.
Kanorkes, 129, 175,

Loodice with Ileliocles and Uuci'a-
tides, 19.

Lj'sias, 29.

I.yjim Jiiid Aiitialtitlaa, ICC.

Mauts, CS, 172.
Meiiander, 44, ICy.

Oi^liayiee, 109.

PocorcB, 110.
J'untukon, 9, 1C4.

riiilosmiis
Plato, 20.

Kaiij.ibala, C7.

S.

SaniilareB, ll.l

Sopliytes, 2.

Soter Megas, 114.

Rpalftgndftines witli Spnlyris, 100.

Spalagftdamca willi Vououes, 99.

Spalahores with Vononoa, 98,

SiMliriaea, 100.

Spalirises with Ann, 103.

Strato L, 40, leS.

Stmto I. uud Agathwloiu, 43.

StnitoIL, 168.

Tolephus, 171.
Thcopbilua, 167.

Vusu DcVii CBaaxleo), 159.
Vuuonea and SiJaiayaJaiiiLS, !
Voiionea and Sijalahorus, 98,

Zeioniaos, 110, 174.

Zoilus, 52, 170.

173.

AAEA01AEI2S AWagaaea,

AAEA'l'OY TOY BAZIAEAZ Spalyris, 100.

ANIKHTOY Lysias, 29, ICfi ; Artcmidonie, 54, 170 ; PliiU.x^nus, 6G ;

JH'NlCtL-itlS, 103.

AYTOKPATO[ Gondophates, 174.

BAZIAEYONTOZ Agathodes, 10; Soter, 114.

BAXIAEYONTOZ BAZIAEHN Abdngases, 1 07 ; Amaws Dikaios,

171.
BAZrAEnS AAEA+OY Spalirisoa, 100.

BAZIAEflS BAZIAEHN GondophatRS, 104; Eonerkea, 129.
BASIAEilS BAZIAEXIN MEfAAOY Mauea, 68, 173; Aitea, 73,

173; A^ilise.^, 92; Vuuones, 98, 173 ; Spalirisoa, 101 ; Goudophnres,

103, 174; OrthaguBs, 109; Pacores, 110; Soter, 114; Kadpliises II,,

12C.
BAZIAEnr MErAAOY Eucratides, 14, 165; ApoUodotusIT., 37;

llippostnitus, 59; Azes, 90; Spalirises, 103; GonJopliares, 105;

Hii.KilKire^, 113.

AIKAIOY A.^i^itlioclea, 10, 1G4 ; Heliodes, 21, 1G6; Arcliebiiia, 33, 1G7;
Ktrrilnl., 11; MfinaTidev, 50 ; Zoilua, 52, 170; Bpalyna, 100; TUeo-
pliilu'i, 107; Arsnees, 174,

T1TLE:S 'IK KIKGS. 187

OEOTPonoY A-atliock-iii, 43,

OEOY Euthydcmus L, 10; Autiraadnis I., 12, ll>4; GoiiiloiiliaiL-s, 103;
Arsaeofl, 175.

NrKATOpOZ Amyntas, 61 ; Antiochua of Syria, ISl.
NlKH«l>OpOY Antialcidas, 25, 166 ; Arcbcbius, 32, 1G7 ; Ejiandw, 51,
169; Antimachua II., 55.

ZAKA KOIPANOY (KOPPANOY) Heraiis, IIG.

SATPARoY Zeiunises, 110.

ZnTHPoZ Diodotus, 10, 164 ; Dionicdef. 31 ; Apollodotus I., 34, 167 ;
AiKilIodutiia IL, 37; Stmto L, 40, 1G8; RIenaudur, 44, 168; Diony-
sius, 51 ; ZoiluB, 52 ; Apollophanes, 54 ; Nicias, 5y, 171 ; Ilippoatm-
tu3, 59 ; llermaeua, 62, 172 ; Ranjabala, 67 ; Gondojiiiaruw, 105 ; Ali-
Uagases, 107 ; S.^tcr, 114 ; KadpiiiHss IL, 126 ; Stralo IL, 168.

TYPANNOYNTOr Ikraiis, 116.

YIOY ZuionUes, 111 ; Stwti. IL, 1G8.

*IAonATOPor AiKillodolUE IL, 37.

11 SOVTIIKJ, IX GKEEK LETTKKS.

ZAOOY Kadaplitis, 123.

KOPANO Kiiiiui'kes, 130; Hoourkes, 130.

PAO KaiRTki.-s, 130, 175 ; Ilooerkcs, 136.

PAONANO Ivaiierkos, 130, 175; Ilowrkes, 136.

ZY llcniiiiouis 120, 172; Kadaphes, 123.

XOPAN (KOPON, A«.) Kadphises L, 122; Kadaplj-s, 123.

C. INDIAN TITLES AND "WOKDS.

Apadiliatasa, Lysiax, 20; Artemi>Ioi-u*, .51, 170; I'liiU.xenus, 56.
AparHJiUsa, Dumutrius, 163.

Apratihatiisu, Uoiidopharci^, 105.
Apraliliatiiciiakr.isiL, KiWijabnla, 67.

lilirailiipQlrasa, Abdagasea, 107.
r>hmta, Spalaliotes, 173.

Clia, Strati) IT., 168.

Chliatrnpas;!, Uaujabola, GT ; Zeiouisos, 110.

I )i;valratatnsa (Pcvahadaaa), GondoptirtteK,

IHiramnthiaas^i, Kadphiaes L, 120.

Piiraniikasa (Dliramiasa), lleliocles, 93; Alclifl'iiiB, 33, 167; Strato I.,

41 i ilenaiiiler, 50 ; Zoiliis, 63, 170 ; Aaos, 90 ; S|ialalioro«, 08, 173 ;

Spnliigailidiieft, 99; Spnlirwos, 100; GitmlnpliartM, 105; Tlieopliilus,

1C7-

Hiduja tiamti, ^^^athoeleB, 12.

Jiiyadharaaa, Antinlddaf^ 2a, 166; Areliebius, 32, 107; F.iviiiJ.t, .TI, 169;

Antiiniiclius II., 5S ; Amyntas, 61.
jLiyanitaaa (Jayataaa), Hippostratus, 59; As]MV,irmti, 'Jl.

Kaiiaiyo nagara Jevata, Eucratiiies, 19.

Kiijula (Kuyula), KadphisM I., 120 ; Kadaphes, 133.

Knabana (Khusliana), Katlpliiscs I,, 120; Kadaphtis, 123.

^[nliachLatrapa.-^a, Banjabala, 67.

Miiharajasa, Piiriniin after Eucratiili's.

Jlaliurajablinita (Maharajabiiralia), Spalahores, 98 ; Spalii'iscs, 100.

JIaiiataaa (Mahatakasa), Hippostratus, 59; Mauos, 68, 173; Azcs, 73, 102,
173; Azilisus, 93, 173; Spalirisua, 101 ; Gon.lopharcs, 103; Orthagm.'s,
109; I'atorea, 110; Soter, lU; Eucratidop, 165; llMinaeua, 172;
ArsaccB, 174:.

Maliiavarasa, KaJpliisea II., 134.

Fiilanakramasa, Telephns, 171.
Pratioldiasii, ytinto I., 40, 168.
Tulra^a, A.-^paviirma. 91 ; .Spi

Kiijariyasa, Azm, 73, 173 ; ^Uiliaos, 91, 173 ; GomloiiliarL's, 1I>1 ; Strt

1C8; Areaccs Dikaioe, 171.
Itiijiiie, Pautoleou, 9; Agathocles, 11.

Sochhaillu'amalhiilaaa, Kiulajilies, 123.
Sagalm. Orthajjnes. 109.
S:impriyapita, Strato II., 1G8.
Siirvaloga isvarasa, Ka'lptiisea II., 124.
HasMH, Gondopharos, 106.
Htmtugasn, Aspavarnia, 91.

Trailatasa, Biumedus, 31; AiwlloJotns I., 3i, 167; Strito I., 40, 108 j
Strato II., 37 ; Menandw, 44, 168 ; ])ionysiuB, 51, IG9 ; Zoilus, 52 ;
Apolloplianea, 54 ; Nioias, 38, 171 ; IlijUKmLratua, 59 ; IleriiiaoUB, C2 ;
Gondophavos, 103; Ahdayasus, 107; SuIct, 114; K.idpliiaiis II., 124;
Arsacea Dikaios, 174.

Vrishabha, Uncert., 163.

Yavugasa (Yauasa), Kadpliiscs I., 120; KaAiplius, 123.

REIIARKABLE INSCRIPTIONS AXD LEGENDS.

AOPO, AOOPO K^merkes. 130,

133; Hooerkes, I3G, IfiS, lo6.
AAEZANAPOY TOY *IAin-

nOY Ag:ith.wlr<. 10.
ANTIOXOY NiKAToPoZ

Ag^thoclos, 1C+.
APAEIXPO Iloowkes, 136.
APAHOPOY HjTcodes, 117.
APAOXPO Kanerkos, 130, 133;

Ilooorkos, 137, 154, 156.
BIZAro Iluomkoa, HO.
BOAAO, BOYAO Kanwkcs, 130,

AIOAOTOY rriTHPOX A-a

tho(;les, iO; Aiitiraacbiia L, 164.
AOXPO llooerk^is, I3S.
EYOYAHMOY GEoY A-atho-

des, 10.
HAIO£ KiiiLwkGs, 129, 175.
HPAKrAO, HPAKAO Huo.ikcs,

138, 154.
APOOAZno Kanerkes, 130.
MAAZHNO Iloocrkos, 138, 150,
MAKAPOY Hyrkodes, 117.
MANAoBArO Ilooerkes, 139.
MAO Kaiicrkca, 131,133; Hoocr-

ke-^, 139, 154, 156.

MEIPO, MIlPO, MIOPO Ka-

nurkes, 131, 134; Kooerke-s

138, 141, 144, 155, 157.
NANA, NANAPAO Kanc-ikL-a,

131, 134; Uooerkea, 144, 168;

Bazodeu, 159.
NANAIA Vy.wi-t. kins, 119; Ka-

ii^ikc.'!, 129.
OAAO Kaiicrkes, 135,
OANINAA Hoonrke.=, 147.
OAYO BOY XAKAMA Kam;r-

k^.^, 133.
OKPO, OKPA Kauorkfs,132,13r.;

Ilooerkes, 147, 155, 15H; Ikizo-

dett, 159.

ONIAI Hooerkua, 144.
OPAAFNO Xaiierkes, 132.
PAOPHOPO Hooorkes, 148.
PIOMI Ilooerkes, H9.
XAAHNH Kanerkcs, 129.
ZAPAHO Hooerkea, 149.
ZKANAO KOMAPO IIoTOrkes,

119.
TAYPOS Uiicuvt., 163.
*APPO , <t>APO Kaii<:rkes. 133 ;

l-Foof

, 150.

UPON Ilooerkiw, 153.

I

CONVERTING ENGLISH INCHES INTO JIILLIMfeTKF
1 MEASnilES or MIONNET'S SCALE.

1

S

1

English Inch

ES

French Millimetres

so

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T A IJ L E

Thk Relative Weights (if Kngush Giuins and Fhench tiRAMMEs.

GrainB.

GraiiiB

Grammes.

GiBinB

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Gmins.

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1

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7-840

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2720

82

5-312

122

7-905

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43

2-785

83

5-378

123

7-970

4

■359

44

2-850

84

5-442

124

8035

5

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2'915

85

5-508

123

8-100

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46

2'980

86

5 572

126

8-164

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3-045

87

5C37

127

8-239

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3110

88

5-703

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8 294

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3-175

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57G7

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8-359

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3-240

90

5-832

130

8^424

11

■712

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3-304

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5-896

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8^488

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3-368

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5-961

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8-553

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3-434

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6 026

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8-618

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■i'07

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3-498

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6-091

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8-682

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3-564

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6 156

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8-747

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1-U30

56

3-628

96

6 220

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8-812

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1101

57

3-693

97

6-285

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8-S77

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1166

58

3-758

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6350

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8-942

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3-823

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6-415

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9-007

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100

6-480

140

9-072

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1^360

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3-952

101

"6 544

141

9-136

22

1-425

62

4-017

102

6-609

142

9 200

23

1490

63

4-082

103

6-C74

143

9-265

24

1-555

64

4-146

104

G739

144

9-330

25

1620

C5

4-211

105

6-804

145

9-395

25

1-684

66

4-276

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6868

146

9-460

27

1-749

67

4-341

107

G933

147

9-525

28

1-814

68

4-406

108

G-998

148

9-590

29

1-879

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4-471

109

7-063

149

9655

30

1-944

70

4-536

110

7-128

150

9-720

31

2-008

71

4 -GOO

111

7-192

151

9 784

32

2-073

72

4-665

112

7-257

152

9-848

33

2 138

73

4-729

113

7-322

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9-914

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2-202

74

4-794

114

7-387

154

9-978

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2-267

75

4-859

115

7-452

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10-044

36

2-332

76

4-3:'4

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7-516

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10-108

37

2 397

77

4-989

117

7-5S1

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10173

38

2'462

78

5^054

118

7-646

158

10-238

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2 '527

79

5-119

119

7-711

159

10-303

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